Patterns of Nutrient Intake in Relation to Gastric Cancer: A Case Control Study

Abstract

Gastric Cancer (GC) is the most common cancer among Iranian men. We conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between patterns of nutrient intake and the risk of GC in Iran. We enrolled 178 GC patients and 271 controls matched for age and sex. We collected dietary intakes using a validated diet history questionnaire. We performed factor analysis on 28 nutrients using multivariate logistic regression models on tertiles of factor scores and estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We identified three nutrient patterns. The first pattern included pantothenic acid, riboflavin, zinc, animal protein, and calcium. Selenium, thiamin, carbohydrate, vegetable protein, niacin and low intake of vitamin E loaded the second pattern, and the third pattern was abundant in fiber, carotene, vitamin C and A. We found no significant association between GC and any of the dietary patterns. However, in the first patterns, men in the highest tertile had significantly higher odds of GC than the lowest (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.13–4.09, p trend = 0.02). A dietary pattern loaded by animal products may increase the risk of GC among Iranian men. Larger studies are required to approve these findings in overall and in different subgroups.

Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1931697

Acknowledgments

We are also grateful to Soraya Ebrahimpour for assistance with data cleaning, and Sadegh Alizadeh who supervised data gathering.

Author’s Contributions

The authors’ contributions are as follows: F.T. and K.Z. designed the study, B.S. and M.H. conducted the research. S.N. performed the statistical analysis. L.A. and S.N. wrote the draft. All authors critically revised the draft and approved the final manuscript.

Disclosure Statement

Authors declared no conflict of interest.