Cumulative Coffee Consumption as a Protective Factor for Head and Neck Cancer in Brazil

Abstract

There is still no consensus in the literature regarding the role of coffee in head and neck cancer. Thus, we sought to analyze the cumulative consumption of coffee as a protective factor in the genesis of head and neck cancer in Brazil, one of the main coffee producing countries, from January 2011 to February 2017. We carried out a case-control study in 5 referral centers for head and neck cancer with 839 cases and 842 non-cancer hospital controls matched by sex, data collection center and age group. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the cumulative consumption of >2 cups of coffee per day is an important protective factor (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.5-0.9) against head and neck cancer. Smoking increased the risk by 22 times (OR: 22.19; 95% CI: 13.7-35.8) in individuals who smoke more than 50 packs per year, and the habit of ingesting more than 155 ml of alcohol per day represented approximately twice as high risk (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.4-3.4). In summary, this study suggests that coffee consumption is associated with a lower chance of head and neck cancer.

Keywords:

• Cancer Prevention
• Coffee/caffeine
• Alcohol/ethanol
• Cancer risk
• Epidemiology

Authors’ Contributions

Conceptualization: LBS, TNT. Data curation: LBS, JRSF. Formal analysis: JRSF. Investigation: LBS. Methodology: LBS. Project administration: LBS, TNT. Supervision: TNT. Validation: LBS. Visualization: LBS, TNT. Writing (original), draft preparation: CBP, LBS. Writing, review and editing: LBS, CBP, TNT. All authors have read and approved the final submitted manuscript.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.