Adherence to Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern and Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Iran

Abstract

Few dietary patterns are related to reduce the Bladder Cancer (BC) risk. One of the well-known dietary patterns is the Mediterranean diet (MD). This case-control study investigated the association between MD and the odds of BC among Iranian population. The present case-control study was performed on 103 eligible cases and 200 controls age 45 to 92 years. Diet of participants was assessed by a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Adherence to MD was measured by Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between MSDPS and risk of BC. After controlling for potential confounders, a negative association was observed between MSDPS and risk of BC (OR = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.09–0.52; p trend = 0.001). Furthermore, significant negative associations were observed for dairy, fish and other seafood, whole-grain, bread intake and risk of BC (p for trend < 0.05). In contrast, the risk of BC increased for high intake of poultry (OR = 1.09; 95%CI = 1.03–1.15; p trend = 0.003), sweets (OR = 1.24; 95%CI = 1.03–1.48; p trend = 0.018) and egg (p for trend = 0.01). Our results suggested that dietary habit in concordance with the principles of the Mediterranean dietary pattern may protect against BC.

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (sources of support: IR.SBMU.NNFTRI.REC.1398.010).

Disclosure statement

There is no conflict of interest.

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.