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Abstract
An analysis of the effects of natural (vitamin A) and synthetic retinoids on experimental carcinogenesis of the urinary bladder indicates that inhibitory activity is carcinogen‐ or carcinogen‐class‐specific. These findings suggest that there may be more than one pathway for the neo‐differentiation of urothelial cells to frank carcinoma and that these pathways may be related to both carcinogen class and dietary vitamin A status.