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Notes
1 Mariya Knight et. al, “Russian commander killed while jogging may have been tracked on Strava app,” CNN, July 12, 2023, https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/11/europe/russian-submarine-commander-killed-krasnador-intl/index.html.
2 William Mauldin et. al, “Four Russian Generals Killed in Three Weeks Show Moscow’s Vulnerabilities in Ukraine,” Wall Street Journal, March 16, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/death-of-russian-generals-in-ukraine-expose-vulnerabilities-in-moscows-military-tactics-11647441273; Alia Shoaib and Nathan Rennolds, “How the Russian officer elite has been decimated in Ukraine — here are the generals and top commanders killed in action,” Business Insider, July 16, 2023, https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-russian-officer-elite-decimated-9-who-were-killed-in-combat-2022-3.
3 Yuliya Talmazan, “Zelenskyy Says He Survived No Fewer than 5 Russian Assassination Attempts,” NBC News, November 21, 2023, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/zelenskyy-says-survived-no-fewer-5-russian-assassination-attempts-rcna126126.
4 Biblia, Judges 3:20-24, https://biblia.com/bible/esv/judges/3/20-24.
5 Stuart Reid, The Lumumba Plot: The Secret History of the CIA and a Cold War Assassination (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2023).
6 Suhasini Raj, “Who Was the Man Whose Killing Canada Says India Instigated?,” New York Times, September 21, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/19/world/canada/who-is-hardeep-singh-nijjar-india.html; Greg Heffer, “North Korea leader Kim Jong Un 'killed relatives over China coup plot,” Sky News, August 24, 2017, https://news.sky.com/story/north-korea-leader-kim-jong-un-killed-relatives-over-china-coup-plot-11002869.
7 Peter Bergen et. al, “America’s Counterterrorism Wars,” New America, June 17, 2021, https://www.newamerica.org/future-security/reports/americas-counterterrorism-wars/.
8 Sune Engel, “U.S. ‘Mother of All Bombs’ Kills 92 ISIS Militants, Say Afghan Officials,” Guardian, April 15, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/15/us-mother-of-all-bombs-moab-afghanistan-donald-trump-death-toll.
9 Helene Cooper, “U.S. Strikes Iran-Backed Groups in Iraq After Attack on Base Injures 3 Americans,” New York Times, December 25, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/25/us/politics/airstrikes-christmas-iran-iraq.html; Gordon Lubold and Nancy A. Yousseff, “U.S. Drone Strike Kills Iraq Militia Leader Behind Deadly Attack on American Base,” Wall Street Journal, February 8, 2024, https://www.wsj.com/politics/national-security/u-s-strike-kills-iraq-militia-leader-behind-deadly-drone-attack-on-american-base-d6971744; Bethan McKernan, “Airstrikes in Syria kill 22 in Joe Biden's first military act as president,” Guardian, February 26, 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/25/us-airstrike-syria-iran-militia; The United States killed Khataib Hizballah’s leader, Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, in the same drone attack that killed Qasim Sulaymani on January 3, 2020.
10 Dustin Volz and Vivian Salama, “John Bolton Was Target of Assassination Plot by Iranian National,” Wall Street Journal, August 10, 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/iranian-national-sought-to-kill-john-bolton-u-s-says-11660143066.
11 See United States Department of State, “Country Reports on Terrorism: Iran,” various years since 1984, https://www.state.gov/bureaus-offices/under-secretary-for-political-affairs/bureau-of-counterterrorism/.
12 Tim Lister and Eve Bower, “Growing doubts on US strike that killed Iranian general,” CNN, January 6, 2020, https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/06/middleeast/soleimani-strike-legality-doubts-us-iran-intl/index.html.
13 “In recording, Shin Bet chief vows to kill Hamas chiefs ‘in Lebanon, Turkey, Qatar,’” Times of Israel, December 4, 2023, https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-recording-shin-bet-chief-vows-to-kill-hamas-chiefs-in-lebanon-turkey-qatar/.
14 “Ukrainian Pro-Russian Entrepreneur Latest Victim in String of Attacks,” VOA News, October 27, 2023, https://www.voanews.com/a/ukrainian-pro-russian-entrepreneur-latest-victim-in-string-of-attacks/7330181.html; “Leader of Russian-occupied town killed by car bomb,” Al Jazeera, July 11, 2022, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/11/leader-of-russian-occupied-ukrainian-town-killed-by-car-bomb; “Russian Appointed Official in Occupied Kherson Killed in Blast,” Al Jazeera, June 24, 2022, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/24/russian-appointed-official-killed-blast-ukraine-occupied-kherson.
15 Stephanie Carvin, "The Trouble with Targeted Killing,” Security Studies 21, no. 3 (2012): 529-555.
16 Peter Bergen, Melissa Salyk-Virk, David Sterman, “World of Drones,” New America, July 30, 2020, https://www.newamerica.org/future-security/reports/world-drones/; Mahmut Chengiz, “Perspective—Drone Proliferation in the Conflict Zones: Who are the Suppliers and Users?” Small Wars Journal, October 28, 2023, https://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/perspective-drone-proliferation-conflict-zones-who-are-suppliers-and-users.
17 Bryce Loidolt, “Were Drone Strikes Effective? Evaluating the Drone Campaign in Pakistan Through Captured al-Qaeda Documents,” Texas National Security Review 5, no. 2 (2022): 53-79, https://tnsr.org/2022/01/were-drone-strikes-effective-evaluating-the-drone-campaign-in-pakistan-through-captured-al-qaeda-documents/.
18 Michael R. Gordon, and General Bernard E. Trainor, Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq (NY: Pantheon Books, 2006), 169-177.
19 For a reprinting, see Giulio Douhet, The Command of the Air (University of Alabama Press, 2009).
20 Michael R. Gordon and General Bernard E. Trainor, The General’s War: The Inside Story of the Conflict in the Gulf (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1995), 76-97, 157, 186-190, 205, 331, 465.
21 Kenneth M. Pollack, “The Evolution of the Revolution: The Changing Nature of Iran’s Axis of Resistance,” American Enterprise Institute, March 2020, 13-14, https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep24614.
22 William Shakespeare, Romeo & Juliet, Act 2, Scene 6.
23 Eiko Maruko Siniawer, “Liberalism Undone: Discourses on Political Violence in Interwar Japan,” Modern Asian Studies 45, no. 4 (2011): 973-1002.