Weight Loss and Nutritional Considerations in Alzheimer Disease

ABSTRACT

Weight loss is a common problem among both community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults with Alzheimer disease (AD) and is associated with mortality, morbidity, disease progression, and poor quality of life. The causes of weight loss in this population are multifaceted and include loss of appetite secondary to deterioration of brain regions associated with feeding behavior and functional and behavioral problems associated with AD that make it difficult for individuals to consume adequate energy. The most common weight management strategy is to provide high-energy nutritional supplements to individuals at risk of weight loss. Supplementation is generally effective but tends to be least beneficial for those with the lowest body mass indices. Environmental and social interventions related to mealtimes and feeding are also important.

KEYWORDS:

• Alzheimer disease
• appetite
• dietary interventions
• older adults
• weight loss

The authors would like to acknowledge research support from NSERC and CIHR.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Karen L. Smith

Karen L. Smith (MSc) is Graduate Trainee, Kunin Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit, Baycrest Centre, and Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Carol E. Greenwood

Carol E. Greenwood (PhD) is Senior Scientist with Kunin Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit, Baycrest Centre and Professor, Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.