https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8283-1235
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ABSTRACT
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is an agricultural important polyphagous pest of many crops that causes significant yield loss. In this study, the effect of four herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) (methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate, indole, and 3-pentanol) with a concentration of 100 mmol/L and two plant probiotic bacteria (PBB) (Bacillus pumilus INR7 and Bacillus velezensis H3), were investigated on life table parameters of T. urticae under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH, and 16 L: 8D). The T. urticae cohorts were reared on attached leaves of kidney bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) treated with HIPVs and PBBs, separately. The life history data were analysed using age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) on methyl salicylate (0.1667 ± 0.0087 day-1) and B. velezensis treatment (0.1640 ± 0.0099 day-1) was significantly lower than the control group (0.1934 ± 0.0100 day-1). The finite rate of increase (λ) ranged from 1.178 ± 0.0116 day-1 on the B. velezensis to 1.2134 ± 0.0121 day-1 on the control with a significant difference (P < 0.05). The gross reproduction rate (GRR) on the indole treatment was significantly lower than the other treatments (28.14 ± 3.66 offspring). Based on the results, methyl salicylate, B. velezensis and indole could be considered resistance inducing materials against T. urticae.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the Department of Plant Protection, Razi University, Iran, for supporting this project.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Ethics approval
No ethical approval is required