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Original Article

The advertisement calls of four species of glassfrogs (Centrolenidae) from southeastern Peru

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Pages 83-91 | Received 24 Jul 2008, Accepted 12 May 2009, Published online: 23 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

We describe the advertisement calls of four species of glassfrogs (Centrolenidae) of the genus Nymphargus, Rulyrana and Centrolene known to occur in the upper Manu National Park, on the eastern slopes of the Andes in southern Peru. Glassfrogs inhabit a harsh acoustic environment, because they call and reproduce along noisy mountain streams and rivers. We found extensive variation in the structure, temporal and spectral characteristics of the recorded calls. Although sample sizes were small, our data indicate that intraspecific variation is small. Interspecific variation in calls involved temporal as well as spectral traits. We observed two divergent call structures from a hypothetical simple model of the advertisement call. This simple model consists of a well-pulsed and moderate-frequency modulated call, such as the call emitted by N. pluvialis. The two divergent modifications encountered in our study included the further simplification of the call structure, such as the loss of amplitude and frequency modulation (encountered in R. spiculata), and repetition of a given temporal structure and the production of redundant signals (in Centrolene sp.). We discuss how acoustic properties of glassfrog calls could be modified in order to better transmit information through the noisy environment of waterfalls and running water.

Describimos el canto nupcial de cuatro especies de ranitas de cristal (Centrolenidae) en los géneros Centrolene, Rulyrana y Nymphargus conocidas de la parte alta del Parque Nacional del Manu, en la vertiente oriental de los Andes en el sur de Perú. Las ranitas de cristal viven en ambientes acústicos difíciles, porqué cantan y se reproducen a lo largo de quebradas y ríos montanos ruidosos. Encontramos una variación considerable en la estructura y características temporales y espectrales de los cantos nupciales. A pesar del bajo numero de muestras, nuestros datos sugieren que la variación intraespecífica es limitada. Encontramos variación interespecífica tanto en los aspectos temporales como en los espectrales. Observamos dos estructuras divergentes de un modelo hipotético simple de canto nupcial. Este modelo simple consiste en un canto con una secuencia de impulsos y con modulación de frecuencia moderada, como en el caso de N. pluvialis. Las dos modificaciones divergentes encontradas en nuestro estudio fueron por un lado la simplificación de la estructura del canto, como ocurre con la pérdida de modulación de frecuencia y amplitud en R. spiculata, y por otro lado la repetición de una estructura temporal específica y la producción de señales auditivas redundantes, como en el canto de Centrolene sp. Discutimos cómo las propiedades acústicas de las ranitas de cristal pueden modificarse para mejorar la transmisión de información en el entorno ruidoso de cascadas y aguas corrientes.

Acknowledgements

We thank J.C. Jahuanchi, F. and W. Qertehuari, and R. Sotelo for field assistance. Research and collecting permits were granted by the National Institute of Natural Resources (INRENA, Lima) and by the Administration of Manu National Park in Cusco. A. Catenazzi was supported by the Swiss Academy of Sciences and the Matthey-Dupraz Foundation (University of Neuchâtel) in 1999 and by grants from the Amazon Conservation Association, the Rufford Small Grants Foundation and the Chicago Board of Trade Endangered Species Award in 2009. We thank J.M. Guayasamin, D. Kizirian, A. Kwet, the FIU Herpetology Club and an anonymous reviewer for comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript. This is publication number 159 of the Tropical Biology Program at Florida International University.

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