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Original Articles

Digestion time and intactness of seeds ingested by Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) (Mammalia, Chiroptera)

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Pages 1-9 | Received 27 Oct 2016, Accepted 13 Jul 2017, Published online: 16 Aug 2017
 

ABSTRACT

Bats are responsible for many ecological services, such as seed dispersal of several plant species, contributing to the processes of succession and forest regeneration. A factor that can interfere with this process is the animal digestion, which can affect germination, altering the patterns of seedling distribution. The effects of seed passage through bats’ guts varies with the species, leading to some discrepancies in the literature. In this study, we tested the digestion time of one Phyllostomidae bat species, Sturnira lilium, in two Neotropical plants: Solanum paniculatum and Ficus organensis, and the effects on seed germination. The experiment was conducted in captivity and the germination tests were made in laboratory conditions. The results suggested that most seeds ingested by S. lilium are dispersed within 40 min for both species and the digestion seems not to significantly affect the germination of F. organensis, despite the slight acceleration of germination. In S. paniculatum, germination occurred only in the control (39%), whereas in the treatments, all the seeds remained dormant during the 25 experimental days. In this case, the digestion of S. lilium possibly contributes to the formation of seed banks, randomizing the temporal distribution of seedlings.

RESUMO

Morcegos realizam diversos serviços ecológicos, dentre eles a dispersão de sementes de muitas espécies vegetais, contribuindo nos processos de sucessão ecológica e regeneração florestal. Dentre os fatores que podem atuar ao longo desse processo, a digestão do animal pode influenciar a germinação de várias maneiras, alterando os padrões de distribuição de plântulas. Os efeitos da passagem das sementes pelo trato digestório de morcegos variam de acordo com a espécie, gerando certa discrepância na literatura. No presente estudo, foi testado o tempo de digestão para uma espécie de Phyllostomidae, Sturnira lilium, em duas plantas neotropicais: Solanum paniculatum e Ficus organensis, e os efeitos da mesma na germinação das sementes. O experimento foi conduzido em cativeiro e os testes de germinação foram realizados em condições laboratoriais. Os resultados indicaram que a maior parte das sementes ingeridas por S. lilium são dispersas em até 40 minutos para ambas as espécies e a digestão parece não afetar a germinação de F. organensis de maneira significativa, embora haja uma pequena aceleração no tempo de germinação. No caso de S. paniculatum, a germinação ocorreu apenas no controle (39%), enquanto nos tratamentos todas permaneceram dormentes durante os 25 dias de experimento. Nesse caso, é possível que a digestão de S. lilium contribua com a formação de bancos de sementes, mantendo algumas espécies dormentes no solo e aleatorizando a distribuição temporal de plântulas.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Lucas Xavier and Thais Martinez for support in field collections and observations, all who also helped several times, Paulo Kondzelski, Camila Faustino, Jonas Campaner, Giovana Werneck, and all the rest of GEEMEA. We are also indebted to professor Maria Auxiliadora Milaneze Gutierre for support and for providing space for the bat facilities and woodwork technicians, who installed the enclosures for the experiments; to Klauter Domingues Gomes, Medicinal Garden technician where the bat facilities were installed, for all the help during the conduction of this experiment. We also thank Herick Santana for help with the statistical analyses. Thanks also to the Postgraduate Program in Comparative Biology and CAPES, for the research grant that enabled the entire project.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Supplemental data

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by CAPES Foundation [grant number 40004015026P1].

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