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Abstract
Background: Ketosis in dairy cattle is an important metabolic disorder. Currently, the plasma metabolic profile of ketosis as determined using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has not been reported.
Objective: To investigate plasma metabolic profiles from cows with clinical ketosis in comparison to control cows.
Animals and methods: Twenty Holstein dairy cows were divided into two groups based on clinical signs and plasma β-hydroxybutyric acid and glucose concentrations 7–21 days postpartum: clinical ketosis and control cows. Plasma metabolic profiles were analyzed using LC/MS. Data were processed using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis.
Results: Compared to control cows, the levels of valine, glycine, glycocholic, tetradecenoic acid, and palmitoleic acid increased significantly in clinical ketosis. On the other hand, the levels of arginine, aminobutyric acid, leucine/isoleucine, tryptophan, creatinine, lysine, norcotinine, and undecanoic acid decreased markedly.
Conclusion: Our results showed that the metabolic changes in cows with clinical ketosis involve complex metabolic networks and signal transduction. These results are important for future studies elucidating the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention of clinical ketosis in dairy cows.
Funding
This study was supported by the China Natural Foundation Council Project [grant number 31072181]; the Chinese National Science and Technology Project [grant number 2013BAD21B01-2], [grant number 2012BAD12B05-2], [grant number 2012BAD12B03-2]; the Innovation Research Projects of Graduate Students in Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University [Y31].