Polyethylene green composites reinforced with cellulose fibers (coir and palm fibers): effect of fiber surface treatment and fiber content

Abstract

Coir and palm fibers from agricultural waste were investigated as reinforcement for low density polyethylene (LDPE). The effect of fiber preparation with alkaline treatment and with/without bleaching on fiber physical properties was also an objective of this study. The chemical composition and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) results confirmed that palm fibers had less impurity than coir fibers. This could be the reason for a greater fiber-matrix interfacial interaction of the palm fibers as compared to that of coir fibers, which was in good agreement with the estimation of surface free energy of the dispersion component. Moreover, fiber bleaching improved the single fiber pullout stress. Composites with both alkaline treated and bleached fibers, at different fiber contents (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%), were manufactured using a compression molding machine. Addition of both fibers in the LDPE matrix resulted in composites with a higher Young’s modulus compared to that of homopolymer. The Young’s modulus of the composites increased with the effect of either fiber content or fiber bleaching. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that composites reinforced with both types of fibers had a single melting temperature peak, indicating the existence of only one type of crystalline species. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the melting temperatures for the fiber reinforced composites and the homo-LDPE. The heat of fusion decreased in the case of fiber reinforced composites.

Keywords:

• cellulose fiber
• coir fiber
• palm fiber
• polyethylene composite
• fiber pullout test
• mechanical properties
• thermal properties

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Kasetsart University (KU). The authors would like to deeply thank Unit Research of Pulp and Paper Technology, KAPI, KU for fiber chemical composition analysis, Laboratoire de Photochimie Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire (LPMM), UMR CNRS-UBP 6505, Aubière, France for FTIR analysis and Dr Michel Nardin (Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS, France) for scientific discussion.