Adhesion of resin cements to contaminated zirconia resin cements on zirconia: effect saliva-contamination and surface conditioning

Abstract

This study evaluated the adhesion of resin cements to zirconia after saliva contamination using resin cements with different chemistries. Zirconia discs (N = 240, n = 10 per group) were randomly divided into three groups: (a) C: No contamination (Control), (b) S: Contamination with saliva, (c) S + AA: Contamination with saliva followed by air-abrasion (CoJet). While half of the specimens were not conditioned, the other half were conditioned with 37.5% H₃PO₄ for 60 s. After rinsing, all specimen surfaces were silanized (Monobond Plus). Resin cements based on either methacrylate (Variolink II–VL) or MDP monomer (Panavia 21-PN) were polymerized on the substrates. The specimens were randomly divided into two further groups to be tested either after (a) 24 h dry storage at 37 °C or (b) thermocycling (×5000, 5–55 °C). Microshear bond (MSB) tests were conducted in a Universal Testing Machine and failure types were analyzed. Data were analyzed using Univariate analysis and Tukey’s tests (alpha = 0.05). While saliva contamination, 37.5% H₃PO₄ application (p < .001) and aging (p < .05) significantly affected the bond results, cement type did not show significant difference after aging (p > .05). Adhesive strength of PN (1.2–4.4 MPa) on saliva contaminated and etched zirconia was more stable than that of VL (0–2.8 MPa). After aging, bond strength results decreased the most with VL (3–100%) compared to PN (32–71%) but the decrease was less in the air-abraded groups after aging (VL: 3%; PN: 32%). Exclusively adhesive failures were experienced in all groups.

Keywords:

• Adhesion
• bond strength test
• resin cements
• phosphoric acid
• saliva contamination
• surface conditioning
• surface contamination
• zirconium dioxide

Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the manufacturing companies for generous provision of resin cements used in this study and Mr. A. Trottmann for his assistance during the experimental procedures.

Disclosure statement

The authors did not have any commercial interest in any of the materials used in this study.

Figure 1. Allocation of experimental groups based on the surface contamination and etching, resin cements and aging.

Figure 2. (a–d). Bond strength change in percentage after etching with 37% H₃PO₄ in groups (a) VL-Dry, (b) PN-Dry, (c) VL-TC, (d) PN-TC. *For group descriptions see Figure 1 and Table 1.