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Abstract
The European Union (EU) has fortified its external borders using a number of measures including the creation of new institutions and networks such as FRONTEX and EUROSUR. In non-EU countries such as Turkey, border security is being reorganized with EU support and cooperation. By combining the literature on EU actorness and neo-functionalism, I provide a theoretical toolkit to critically unpack these new developments through conceptualizing multiple dimensions of what I call functional actorness. The contribution analyzes how the functional transformation of EU and Turkish border security has produced a number of side effects which are critically appraised.
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Funding
Research for this article was conducted as part of the project “Border Policies and Sovereignty: Human Rights and the Right to Life of Irregular Migrants,” supported by Dutch NWO Vici grant number 016.130.061.