Potassium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Boron Fertilization Effects on Soybean Isoflavone Content and Other Seed Characteristics

ABSTRACT

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds contain isoflavones that have positive impacts on human health. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of pre-plant mineral fertilization on isoflavone, oil and crude protein concentrations, and seed yield of field-grown soybean. The effects of potassium (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg K ha⁻¹), phosphorus (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg P ha⁻¹), sulfur (0, 15, 30, 45 kg S ha⁻¹), and boron (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 kg B ha⁻¹) were tested separately, each with two 00 soybean cultivars (‘Golden’ and ‘Grand Prix’) grown in replicated trials at Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada in 2002/3. Seed total and individual isoflavone concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Seed yield, 100-seed weight, and oil and crude protein (CP) contents were determined concurrently. Across years and cultivars, no fertilizer treatments effects were observed for most variables. This overall lack of response to fertilizers was attributed to the relatively high initial fertility of the sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils used. However, total and individual isoflavone concentrations were significantly affected by year and cultivar. Across experiments, total isoflavone concentration was 33% greater on average in 2003 than in 2002, which was characterized by above-average temperatures and severe drought. Cultivar with the greatest isoflavone concentration varied depending on the year. Fertilization does not appear to be a viable strategy to increase isoflavone concentration of soybean seeds on medium-to high-fertility soils.

Keywords:

• daidzein
• fertilization
• genistein
• glycitein
• isoflavones
• soybean

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research was supported by grants from the Fédération des Producteurs de Cultures Commerciales du Québec (FPCCQ) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) awarded to Philippe Seguin. The authors thank A. Souleimanov for help with HLPC analyses and W. Deng, A. Désîlets-Roy, B. Gélinas, and J. Straughton for their help in the field.