Influence of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilizers and Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Yield and Pungency of Spring Onion

ABSTRACT

A pot experiment was conducted out to investigate the yield and pungency of spring onion (Allium fistulosum L.) as affected by inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and addition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilizers. Plants were inoculated with either Glomus mosseae or Glomus intraradices or grown as uninoculated controls. Two levels of N and S were applied to the soil in factorial combinations of 50 and 250 mg N kg⁻¹ soil and 0 and 60 mg S kg⁻¹ soil. Plants were grown in a greenhouse for 25 weeks and then harvested. Mycorrhizal colonization resulted in increased shoot dry weight, shoot-to-root ratio, shoot length, sheath diameter, and phosphorus (P) concentrations. Shoot dry-matter yield was significantly affected by added N, but not by S. Shoot dry weight increased with increasing N supply (except for non-mycorrhizal controls without additional S fertilizer). Shoot total S concentration (TSC), enzyme-produced pyruvate (EPY), and organic sulfur concentration (OSC) in plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae were significantly lower than those of non-mycorrhizal controls, while these parameters in plants inoculated with Glomus intraradices were comparable to or higher than in the controls. Neither N nor S supply affected shoot EPY or OSC, whereas shoot TSC (except in plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae) and SO₄ ²⁻ concentrations were usually significantly increased by S supply. In soil of high S and low P availability, mycorrhizal colonization had a profound influence on both the yield and the pungency of spring onion.

Keywords:

• Glomus mosseae
• Glomus intraradices
• nitrogen
• sulfur
• Allium fistulosum
• enzyme-produced pyruvate

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Projects 30200168 and GZ051-11(155)] and the Royal Society (China Exchanges Project 15360).

Notes

^a By analysis of variance:

∗∗∗, P < 0.001;

∗∗, P < 0.01;

∗, P < 0.05; NS, not significant; ND, not determined: No colonization observed on roots of uninoculated controls.

^a By analysis of variance;

∗∗∗: P < 0.001;

∗∗, P < 0.01;

∗, P < 0.05; NS, not significant.

^a By analysis of variance:

∗∗∗, P < 0.001;

∗∗, P < 0.01;

∗, P < 0.05; NS, not significant.