PHENOLOGY AND SEED QUALITY RESPONSE OF RAPE (B. NAPUS) VERSUS MUSTARD (B. JUNCEA) TO SULFUR AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION IN NORTHWEST PAKISTAN

Abstract

Inappropriate sulfur and potassium fertilization, particularly with continued soil nutrient mining and yearly fluctuations in rainfall, are major factors contributing to slow growth and low seed quality of canola in northwestern Pakistan. A field experiment was conducted in 2007–2008 on a sulfur (S) and potassium (K) deficient clay loam soil under irrigation at the research farm of NWFP (Northwest Frontier Province) Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan, with an objective to determine response of phenology and seed quality of Brassica oilseed rape versus mustard to S and K fertilizer application. Twenty treatments in a randomized complete block design were consisted of two oilseed genotypes [rape (B. napus canola) and mustard (B. juncea canola)], at three rates each of S (15, 30, and 45 kg S ha⁻¹) and K (30, 60, and 90 kg K ha⁻¹), plus control (no K and S applied). Days to flowering, pod formation, seed filling duration and maturity were enhanced with K and S fertilization compared to control plots. The species B. napus took more time to flowering, pod formation, seed filling duration and maturity compared to B. juncea. Both genotypes responded positively for seed quality (oil and protein content) to K and S fertilization, but the magnitude of response varied with level and combination of K and S fertilization. Delay in the phenological stages showed negative relationship with oil and protein content in seed of both genotypes. It is concluded that a combination of 60 kg K ha⁻¹ + 30 kg S ha⁻¹ would accelerate phenological development and improve seed quality of rape and mustard in the study area.

Keywords:

• mustard
• phenology
• plant development
• rape
• S and K fertilization
• seed quality

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Financial support from the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar, is greatly acknowledged. Special thanks are also extended to NIFA (Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture) for analysis of seed composition and Dr. Paigham Shah for the statistical analysis of data.