Potassium concentration effect on growth, gas exchange and mineral accumulation in potatoes

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the responses of potatoes to six K solution concentrations maintained with a flow‐through nutrient film system. Potato plants were grown for 42 days in sloping shallow trays containing a 1 cm layer of quartz gravel with a continuous flow of 4 ml min^‐1 of nutrient solutions having K concentrations of 0.10, 0.55, 1.59, 3.16, 6.44, 9.77 meq L^‐1. Plant leaf area, total and tuber dry weights were reduced over 25% at 0.10 meq L^‐1 of K and over 17% at 9.77 meq L^‐l of K compared to concentrations of 0.55, 1.59, 3.16 and 6.44 meq L^‐1 of K. Gas exchange measurements on leaflets in situ after 39 days of growth demonstrated no significant differences among different K treatments in CO₂ assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, and transpiration. Further measurements made only on plants grown at 0.10, 1.59, 6.44 meq L^‐1 of K showed similar responses of CO₂ assimilation rate to different intercellular CO₂ concentrations. This suggested that the photosynthetic systems were not affected by different K nutrition. The leaves of plants accumulated about 60% less K at 0.10 meq L^‐1 of K than at higher K concentrations. However, Ca and Mg levels in the leaves were higher at 0.10 meq L^‐1 of K than at higher K concentrations. This indicates that low K nutrition not only reduced plant growth, but also affected nutrient balance between major cations.