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Abstract
The experimental results obtained in three different types of ozone contactors were analyzed to study the effects of the ozone contactor design, configuration, operating conditions, and scale-up on the: (1) ozonation process induced reduction efficiencies of color, AOX, COD, and TOC from biologically treated Kraft pulp mill effluents; (2) the increase in biodegradability of this type of wastewater; and (3) the dynamics of the ozone gas absorption process. The three types of ozone contactors included: (1) an extra-coarse-bubble diffuser ozone contactor; (2) an impinging-jet ozone contactor; and (3) a fine-bubble diffuser ozone contactor. Similar treatment levels were achieved in those ozone contactors although the impinging-jet bubble column was more effective in treating Kraft pulp mill effluents due to its smaller reactor volume and lower off-gas ozone concentrations. Consequently, the operating costs of an ozonation process and ozone off-gas destruction facilities will be greatly reduced when using the impinging-jet bubble column design for treating Kraft pulp mill effluents.