Preparation and characterization of W/O/W type double emulsion containing PGPR–lecithin mixture as lipophilic surfactant

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to produce double emulsion by combining polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) with lecithin as lipophilic surfactant. Although lecithin alone produced only oil-in-water type emulsion, the mixture of lecithin and PGPR could produce water-in-oil type emulsion as well. Moreover, different emulsification treatments were applied to study the influence of homogenization methods on the physicochemical characteristics. The obtained double emulsions were compared in terms of stability and droplet size. It was found that the homogenization method influenced the physiochemical characteristics of the double emulsion and the most stable double emulsion with the smallest droplet size was obtained by high-speed homogenization method.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Double emulsion
• emulsifier
• microfluidization
• stability
• ultrasonication

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express sincere gratitude to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK 214O615) for financial support.