Enhancement adsorption of hexavalent chromium onto modified fly ash from aqueous solution; optimization; isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic study

Abstract

Fly ash were successfully modified by a chemical method (iron and aluminum salts and surfactant) with the aim of removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were applied to improve the prediction models and optimize the chromium adsorption parameters. The results disclosed that surfactant-modified fly ash (SMF) had further influence on the fly ash. The predicted values showed that the quadratic model were in good agreement with the predicting values (high regression coefficient (R²>0.96), insignificant lack of fit (0.448), high F-value and low P-value (<0.05)). The optimized adsorption parameters were adsorbent dose of 3.53 g/L, initial Cr (VI) concentration of 35.40 mg/L; contact time of 69.32 min and pH of 2.77. The experimental data was described well with Freundlich isotherm (R² = 0. 98) and pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² = 0. 99). The results of thermodynamic study represented that the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic and chemisorption (free energy (ΔG)= −30 to −40 kJ/mol and standard enthalpy (ΔH)= −41.01 kJ/mol). Therefore, cheap, ease of modification and high efficiency of fly ash has been recommended a great promise for reducing the chromium from aqueous solution.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Chromium adsorption
• isotherm and kinetic
• optimization
• power plant waste
• surfactant-modified

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to express their thanks for financial research grant supported (Project No: 11392) on this research by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.