Facile fabrication of monodispersed α- and γ-Al₂O₃ microspheres through controlled calcination of alumina precursors synthesized by homogeneous precipitation

Abstract

Monodispersed spherical particles of γ- and α-alumina were synthesized by urea-based homogeneous precipitation, using potassium sulfate and aluminum nitrate as the precursor and urea as a precipitating agent. The influence of various synthesis parameters like concentration of reactants, temperature, and reaction time, on the morphological features of alumina were investigated. Results showed that all the experimental parameters had a considerable effect on the morphology of the synthesized alumina, and control of these parameters resulted in monodispersed spherical particles with good dispensability and filtering performance. Extensive optimization of the experimental parameters led to produced alumina precursors with spherical morphology and an average particle size of 610 nm. The precipitated solids were characterized by various techniques and it was noted that the as-prepared particles were amorphous. Relatively well-dispersed and crystalline γ- and α-Al₂O₃ with higher sintering activity were obtained by calcining the as-synthesized precursors at 1000 and 1200 °C, respectively. The crystallographic results showed that crystallite size increased with an increase in annealing temperature. It was observed that the crystallite size of γ-Al₂O₃ was much smaller (5.71 nm ± 7.21%) than α-Al₂O₃ (35.40 nm) ± 4.58%. The Scanning electron microscopic analysis of the calcined alumina showed that the particle morphology was retained to a greater extent after calcination. The synthesized alumina particles can be used as a reinforcement filler in the Ni/Al₂O₃ composite coatings to enhance the tribological and mechanical properties of Ni-composite coating on a steel surface. The incorporated alumina particles in the composite may improve the properties of the coatings.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Keywords:

• Monodispersed
• homogeneous precipitation
• calcination
• γ- and α-Al₂O₃
• particle morphology

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, for facilitating this work.