Fugitive Gas Emissions from Fuel Tanks

Abstract

Many fuel installations and industrial operations often are associated with the release, whether deliberately or inadvertently, of fuel vapors into the surrounding atmosphere. Most of these releases may be considered to be relatively small on a thermal basis, but they do represent collectively a serious source of unburned hydrocarbon emissions into the atmosphere. Moreover, the emissions of methane from various sources of natural gas contribute significantly to green house gas emissions.

The paper presents computed results of the transient dissipation of a fixed mass of methane when released within vertical cylindrical vessels containing air, which are open to the outside atmosphere under ambient conditions. Particular attention is given to the rates of emission of gas into the outside atmosphere and how it is affected by the composition and mass of the fuel released and the size and configuration of the fuel retaining cylindrical tank. The corresponding transient formation, growth and subsidence of flammable zones within such a vessel are also described. Some guidelines for reducing the hazards associated with such releases are presented.

Keywords:

• Fuel emissions
• Flammable mixtures
• Gas mixing

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The financial assistance of the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the technical assistance of Dr. D. Phillips are gratefully acknowledged.