Examining Flake Production Strategies: Examples from the Middle Paleolithic of Southwest Asia

Abstract

Recent studies of Middle Paleolithic technology suggests that raw material resource constraints are visible in the morphological variation of stone tool assemblages. This study focuses on five Middle Paleolithic assemblages (Warwasi Rocksheiter, Bisitun Cave, Tabun Cave, Skuhl Cave, and Ksar Akil Rockshelter) from two regions (Zagros and Levant), which have previously shown substantial technological differences suggesting a disparity in raw material availability. Differences in raw material availability will be emphasized through the identification of changes in blank production that may be sensitive to resource constraints. A conservation index is developed to investigate possible behavioral responses to raw material scarcity. The conservative nature of blank production is highlighted as well as the effect of different patterns of blank production on resource use. Finally, the investigation of innovative blank production strategies and core reduction sequences may reflect a conscious effort by Middle Paleolithic flintknappers to economize resources in the face of lithic resource constraints.