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Special Issue Article

Analysis of environmental financial reporting in the Spanish toll roads sector

ANÁLISIS DE LA INFORMACIÓN FINANCIERA MEDIOAMBIENTAL EN EL SECTOR DE LAS AUTOPISTAS DE PEAJE ESPAÑOLAS

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 430-463 | Received 04 Nov 2017, Accepted 01 Mar 2019, Published online: 30 Mar 2019
 

ABSTRACT

There is a great variety of environmental financial reporting as regards content, extension and how it is included in the annual accounts. Spain and, in particular, the toll roads sector was amongst the first to be required to disclose environmental information. These concessionaires have also been affected by changes in domestic and international accounting regulation.

The first objective of the paper is to analyse the quality of environmental financial reporting in the Spanish toll roads sector and its evolution after International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) implementation. The second is to compare the reporting behaviour of concessionaires with that of their parent companies. The third is to test what institutional mechanisms influence environmental disclosure. Content analysis has been applied for the period 1999–2015.

Results show a minimum environmental reporting level focused merely on complying with regulation requirements, without a useful content revealing the integration of environmental issues into the companies’ management. The implementation of IFRS has not improved environmental disclosure and, in some cases, has even worsened it. In addition, under institutional theory, results show that some institutional factors (regulation and sub-sector) explain the environmental financial reporting behaviour of the companies analysed.

RESUMEN

Hay una gran variedad de información financiera medioambiental según su contenido, extensión y cómo se incluye en las cuentas anuales. España y, en particular, el sector de las autopistas de peaje han estado entre los primeros en exigir la revelación de información medioambiental. Estas empresas concesionarias también se han visto afectadas por cambios en la regulación contable nacional e internacional.

El primer objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la calidad de la información financiera medioambiental en el sector de las autopistas de peaje españolas y su evolución tras la implementación de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF). El segundo objetivo es comparar el comportamiento informativo de las empresas concesionarias con el de sus empresas matriz. El tercer objetivo consiste en verificar qué mecanismos institucionales influyen en la revelación de información medioambiental. El análisis de contenidos se ha aplicado al periodo 1999-2015. Los resultados muestran un nivel de información medioambiental mínimo que se limita a cumplir con los requisitos de la regulación contable, sin unos contenidos suficientes que revelen la integración de las cuestiones medioambientales en la gestión de las empresas. La implementación de las NIIF tampoco ha mejorado la revelación de información medioambiental y, en algunos casos, incluso ha empeorado. Además, de acuerdo con la teoría institucional, los resultados señalan que algunos factores institucionales (la regulación y el sub-sector) explican el comportamiento de las compañías analizadas respecto a la información financiera medioambiental.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. In the last three decades, countries have attended to several international meetings and signed agreements that necessarily must be implemented by corporations: Kyoto Protocol (1997), Johannesburg Earth Summit (2002), Copenhagen Climate Change Conference (2009), Paris Agreement (2015).

2. There are eight concessionaires that have entered into bankruptcy proceeding: HENARSA, ACCESOS, MADRIDSUR, EJEAEROPUERTO, MADRIDLEVANTE, MADRIDTOLEDO, AUCOSTA, CIRALSA.

3. PPP are long-term contracts which may take the form of the construction or management of public infrastructure or the provision of services (using public infrastructure facilities) by a private sector entity to society on behalf of a public sector entity (Grimsey & Lewis, Citation2002).

4. Instituto de Contabilidad y Auditoría de Cuentas (ICAC) (1998). Orden de 10 de diciembre de 1998, del Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda, por la que se aprueban las normas de adaptación del Plan General de Contabilidad a las Sociedades concesionarias de autopistas, túneles, puentes y otras vías de peaje.

5. ICAC (2002). Resolución de 25 de marzo de 2002, por la que se aprueban normas para el reconocimiento, valoración e información de los aspectos medioambientales en las cuentas anuales.

6. Public-interest entities which are parent undertakings of a large group exceeding on its balance sheet dates, on a consolidated basis, the criterion of the average number of 500 employees during the financial year.

7. This survey was carried out in Swedish companies and found that only a few of the 25 firms investigated gave plain and comprehensive environmental information the first year after legislation came into force.

8. This study about the implementation of the EC Recommendation by companies of member states confirmed that it took some time before the new legislation about environmental accounting was understood and followed.

9. Real Decreto – Ley 18/2017, de 24 de noviembre, en materia de información no financiera y diversidad.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness under projects of the Spanish National Research and Development Plan [projects ‘ECO-CIRCULAR’ – Ref. ECO2016-74920-C2-1-R and ECO2015-66240-P (MINECO/FEDER)]; and the Regional Government of Aragón and the European Social Fund through research projects ‘GESPÚBLICA’ S05 and 'Socioeconomía y Sostenibilidad' (S33_17R).

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