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Original Articles

Estructura semántica y estrategias infantiles en la solución de problemas verbales de adición

Semantic structure and children's strategies in solving oral addition problems

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Pages 71-81 | Published online: 29 Apr 2014
 

Resumen

Se analizan los diferentes factores que pueden influir en la solución de problemas verbales aditivos, insistiéndose sobre todo en la incidencia de la estructura semántica de los mismos y en su expresión verbal. Dos grupos de niños de segundo de preescolar y otros de primero de EGB pasan pruebas aditivas de combinación e igualación. Los resultados confirman que la dificultad de las tareas depende, entre otras variabes, de la estructura semántica de las mismas, del lugar que ocupa la incógnita o dato desconocido y de la disponibilidad de ayudas en la resolución de los problemas. Además, las estrategias utilizadas por los niños son función de la edad de los mismos y del tipo de problema planteado. Se señalan también algunas de las implicaciones educativas que se desprende de este trabajo.

Summary

The different factors which can contribute to solving additional verbal problems by emphasizing their semantic structure's influence and their verbal formulate. Were analyzed two groups of children from the last year of kindergarden and two others from the first year of primary school, were applied combine and equalize addition tests. Results confirmed that difficulty of tasks mainly depends upon their semantic structure, the place which the unknown occupies, and the available help during the time the problem was being solved. On the other hand, the strategies the children use are a function of their age, and the category of the given problem. Some of the educative implications which arise from this work are also indicated.

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