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Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 3, 1982 - Issue 9
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Estilo nomádico y estilo cognitivo

Nomadic style and cognitive style

Pages 91-104 | Published online: 29 Apr 2014
 

RESUMEN

El autor trata el desarrollo de la conducta en función del ambiente ecológico y cultural en que vive un grupo de personas, prestando atención especial a la adaptación ecológica denominada “estilo nomádico” y a las conductas llamadas “estilos cognitivos”. La investigación tiene como objetivo comprender las relaciones sistemáticas entre ambos, repasando estos conceptos teóricos y exponiendo el modelo que la guía. La hipótesis es que tanto factores ecológicos como culturales (y de socialización) posibilitan hacer predicciones a nivel conductual. A continuación se describen cinco de las tareas examinadas, las muestras y los resultados del estudio. En la discusión el autor considera éstos desde diversas perspectivas, afirmando que el estilo cognitivo de un individuo está claramente en función del estilo nomádico del grupo en que ha crecido. Por último concluye que las diferencias entre grupos probablemente se han desarrollado en función de una adaptación cultural a largo plazo a las presiones ecológicas, y en menor término como respuesta a una adapatación a corto plazo a la aculturación; también destaca que el único criterio de inteligencia es el de la utilidad o valor adapatativo para un conjunto de problemas vitales, no siendo posibles criterios generales o universales.

ABSTRACT

The author takes behaviour development in terms of the ecological and cultural environment in which a human group lives, attending particularly to that ecological adaptation named “nomadic style” and to those behaviours called “cognitive styles”. The goal of the investigation is to understand the systematic relations between both of them, reviewing this theoretical concepts and showing the model that guides it. The hypothesis is that both ecological and cultural (plus those of socialization) factors allow predictions at a conductual level. Five of the examined tasks plus samples and study results are described. During the discussion the author considers all of them from different perspectives, stating that the individual cognitive style clearly depends on the nomadic style of the group he/she had grown into. He concludes by saying that inter-group differences have probably developed in a parallel way to a long term cultural adaptation to ecological pressures and, in a lesser way, as an answer to a short term adaptation to aculturalism. Finally, he underlines that the only intelligence criterion is that of usefulness or adaptive value to a range of vital issues, therefore excluding any general or universal criterion.

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