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Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 11, 1990 - Issue 43-44
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REVISIONES Y REFLEXIONES

Intervenciones familiares en el tratamiento de los pacientes con esquizofrenia: aproximaciones recientes

Family intervention in the treatment of schizophrenic patients: Recent approaches

Pages 169-193 | Published online: 29 Apr 2014
 

Resumen

Después de mencionar los postulados básicos que subyacen a los modelos tradicionales de terapia familiar a los que se han planteado serias críticas, se revisan nuevos modelos que superan estas limitaciones. Estos nuevos modelos de intervención familiar comparten dos características principales: considerar a los familiares aliados naturales del proceso de rehabilitación del paciente y basarse en el empleo de estrategias terapéuticas claramente operacionalizadas. Se describen brevemente cuatro de estas estrategias y se revisa la evidencia que apoya su eficacia: la terapia familiar orientada a la crisis de Goldstein, el paquete de intervenciones psicosociales desarrollado por Leff y cols., la terapia familiar conductual de Falloom y el programa de psicoeducación familiar de Anderson y cols. Su eficacia es analizada en términos de la disminución observada en las tasas de recaídas y en la consecución de otros beneficios para el paciente y la familia. Se señalan un conjunto de principios generales que deben presidir las intervenciones con estas familias. Por último, se hace una reflexión acerca de algunas deficiencias que estudios futuros han de subsanar para poder alcanzar unas conclusiones más sólidas sobre la eficacia de estos nuevos procedimientos terapéuticos.

Abstract

After mentioning the basic assumptions underlying traditional models of family therapy which have raised serious criticism, new models are reviewed which overcome these limitations. The new models on family intervention share two characteristics. They view relatives as natural allies in the process of rehabilitation of the patient and rely on highly structured therapeutic strategies. Four such strategies are briefly described and the evidence supporting their efficiency reviewed: Goldstein's crisis orieted family therapy, the psychosocial intervention package developed by Leff and cols., Falloon's behavioral family therapy and the family psychoeducation program by Anderson and cols. Their efficiency is analyzed in terms of the observed decrement in relapse rates as well as other benefits for both patient and relatives. The general principles underliying these therapeutic approaches are underlined. Finally, an analysis is attemted regarding some observed defficiencies, which further studies should help solve in order to arrive at more solid conclusions on the efficiency of these new therapeutic approaches.

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