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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 1, 1986 - Issue 1
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INFORMES DE INVESTIGACION

Social Categorization, Intergroup Behaviour and Self-Esteem: Two Experiments

Categorización social, conducta intergrupo y autoestima: dos experimentos

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Pages 23-37 | Published online: 29 Apr 2014
 

Abstract

Two experiments investigating the hypothesis that self-esteem is elevated through intergroup discrimination (the positive distinctiveness hypothesis) are reported. Oakes and Turner (1980) have shown experimentally that subjects who are given, and take, the opportunity to discriminate experience elevated self-estteem, while those given no such opportunity de not. This finding is open to an alternative explanation in terms of category salience alone. Experiment 1 disconfounds discrimination and salience and produces findings which support the positive distinctiveness rather than the salience hypothesis. Since there exists the possibility of a partial explanation of the data in terms of compliance, a second experiment (almost an exact replication of the first) is reported which examines this. The positive distinctiveness hypothesis is again upheld in contrast to the salience hypothesis, but the possibility of compliance as a partial explanation is not entirely ruled out.

Resumen

Este informe presenta dos experimentos que investigan la hipótesis de que la auto-estima se eleva en la diferenciación intergrupal. Oakes y Turner(1980) han demostrado experimentalmente que los sujetos a los que se les da, y asumen, la oportunidad de diferenciarse experimentan una mayor auto-estima, mientras que no ocurre así en los que no tienen tal oportunidad. Este hallazgo permite una explicación alternativa en términos de la categoría de saliencia solamente. El Experimento 1 establece las desigualdades entre la diferenciación y la saliencia y proporciona hallazgos que apoyan la hipótesis en términos de distinción y no en términos de saliencia. Puesto que existe la posibilidad de una explicación parcial de los datos en términos de obediencia, se llevó a cabo un segundo experimento, casi idéntico al primero, que tiene en cuenta este problema. La hipótesis de la diferenciación positiva se impone de nuevo a la hipótesis de saliencia pero no puede descartarse una explicación parcial de fenómeno en términos de obediencia.

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