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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 6, 1991 - Issue 1
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Informes De Investigación

Teorías Intuitivas sobre Memoria de Testigos: un examen de Metamemoria

Intuitive theories on eyewitnesses' memory: A study of metamemory

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Pages 47-60 | Published online: 29 Apr 2014
 

Resumen

La calidad del testimonio de un testigo depende tanto de su exactitud como de su credibilidad. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha la mayor parte de las investigaciones sólo se habían ocupado de la exactitud de testigos y testimonios.

Partiendo del concepto de metamemoria se analizan las creencias sobre la memoria de los testigos, presentando dos estudios interrelacionados.

En el primero, en el que participan 333 sujetos, se ponen a prueba dos hipótesis: que las personas con experiencia en testimonio por su profesión (p. e. policías) poseen más ideas intuitivas acertadas sobre memoria de testigos que las personas sin esa experiencia; la segunda, que las personas con concimientos sobre memoria (p. e. estudiantes de psicología) poseer más ideas intuitivas ciertas sobre memoria de testigos que las personas sin esos conocimientos.

Los resultados del primer estudio apoyan solo la segunda hipótesis.

El segundo estudio, con 42 policías, valora la eficacia de un procedimiento para entrenar a policías como expertos en testimonio, con resultados positivos.

Abstract

The quality of eyewitness testimonies depends on both their accuracy and credibility although most studies have only been concernerd with eyewitness accuracy.

Two related studies examine people's beliefs on eyewitness memory. In the first study, we tried to find support for two hypotheses: (1) subjects with profesional experience in testimony (policemen) have more correct intuitive ideas about eyewitness memory than non-experienced persons: (2) psychology students have more adequate ideas about eyewitnesses than other persons without this specific knowledge. A questionnaire was applied to 333 subjects and we found that only psychology studies had a significant effect on eyewitness memory.

In the second study, the effectiveness of a training procedure for 42 policemen was analyzed. Data showed the positive effects of this training.

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