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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 7, 1992 - Issue 1
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Informes De Investigación

Strategies speakers use to achieve a good communication

Estrategias utilizadas por los hablantes para alcanzar una buena comunicación

Pages 7-19 | Received 01 Jun 1989, Published online: 29 Apr 2014
 

Abstract

This paper reports the analysis of four talks—produced by two speakers in two different group situations—in terms of a set of discourse strategies called Cognitive Manoeuvres (Zammuner, 1981). The analysis aims at defining, in given social and linguistic contexts, to what extent and how speakers organize their talks to achieve certain communicative goals. The talks were produced in two contexts which differed in terms of audience type, level of formality, extent to which participants knew each other and shared goals, as well as in terms of amount of relevant shared knowledge. Results showed that speakers used, to a different degree in the two contexts, such strategies as specifications, repeats, rephrasing, attacks, branching out, stating something conditionally and stressing. However, the use of certain strategies, and their placement within the discourse, were fairly common across contexts—e.g., the explicitation of premises—while for others it was related to individual idiosyncratic preference and ability. The analysis method and the obtained results are presented in relation to the interaction between strategic planning of discourse and social interaction.

Resumen

Este informe presenta el análisis de cuatro discursos—producidos por dos hablantes en dos situaciones grupales distintas—en términos de estrategias discursivas denominadas Maniobras Cógnitivas (Zammuner, 1981). Tal análisis se propone definir hasta qué punto y en qué forma organizan los hablantes sus discursos para lograr ciertas metas comunicacionales. Los discursos fueron producidos en dos contextos que diferían en el tipo de audiencia, nivel de formalismo, grado en que los participantes se conocían y compartían sus metas y grado de conocimiento relevante compartido. Los resultados mostraron que los hablantes utilizaron, en diferente grado según el contexto, estrategias tales como especificaciones, repeticiones, paráfrasis, ataques, disgresiones, condicionales y enfatizaciones. Sin embargo, el uso de otras estrategias y su localización en el discurso fue muy similar en ambos contextos (por ej., la explicitación de premisas) y ciertas estrategias guardaban relación con las habilidades y preferencias individuales. El método y los resultados son considerados con respecto a la planificación estratégica del discurso y la interacción social.

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