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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 8, 1993 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Mujer, relaciones de género y discurso

Woman, gender relations and discourse

Pages 201-215 | Published online: 29 Apr 2014
 

Resumen

Se propone un acercamiento socio-construccionista para el estudio de las subjetividades de género sexual frente al tratamiento cognitivista y sociocognitivista, dominantes en Psicología Social, en la investigación sobre identidad sexual, estereotipos y categorías de género. Asimismo se parte de ciertos planteamientos provenientes de la epistemología feminista postmoderna que ponen un énfasis especial en el análisis del lenguaje como instrumento mediatizador, regulador y modelador de la subjetividad y el género desde una perspectiva de las relaciones de poder y su regulación de subjetividades. Desde este triple marco el objetivo es analizar si la subjetividad de género femenino, supuestamente heredada y compartida según la mayoría de estudios de estereotipos, modela las identificaciones de las propias mujeres o si éstas desarrollan formas de resistencia hacia ella. Por todo ello la metodología de Análisis del Discurso aparece como la estrategia de investigación más adecuada. Los resultados del Análisis del Discurso de las narraciones de las mujeres sobre ellas mismas pone de manifiesto distintas subjetividades con diferentes niveles de agencia en relación a la reproducción o transformación de la escisión de género femenino.

Abstract

This paper aims to present an analysis of sexual gender from a socio-constructionism approach. Instead of looking at the dominant cognitive and socio-cognitivist perspective—S. Bem, H. Markus and so on—in the study of gender identity and sexual stereotypes as a background for the research, the author proposes to take critical post-structuralist feminist thought as a theoretical base for the study of construction of gender and subjectivity. Since the author thinks that language is a tool for transforming and creating reality, it is very important in this paper how subjectivities are presented as a creation of language games that give them their consistency and form.

The next important matter that is presented in this article is power relationships—from a Foucaultian approach—acting upon subjectivities formation as forms of regulation. So, from this point of view, discourse analysis appears the best methodological strategy for discovering the subjectivities related to gender and sexual differences. The results of the discourse analysis of women's ordinary explanations about themselves show different subjectivities with different agency levels concerning the reproduction or transformation of the traditional subjectivity of women.

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