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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 31, 2016 - Issue 1
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Research papers / Artículos de investigación

Communication and representation of risk in health crises: the influence of framing and group identity / Comunicación en crisis sanitarias y representación del riesgo. La influencia del framing y la identidad grupal

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Pages 59-74 | Received 14 Apr 2014, Accepted 18 May 2015, Published online: 29 Oct 2015
 

Abstract

Based on the Social Representations Theory (SRT) applied to the social construction of risk and the role played by group identities, this study examines the construction of risk created by the mass media in health epidemics. An experimental design with split-ballot questionnaire and 319 participants was used in which message framing (human interest vs. attribution of responsibility) and proximity (high vs. low) were manipulated for a high invulnerability identity (youth) vs. a low invulnerability identity (elderly) population. Results showed that the human interest framing increased the perception of risk, especially when the proximity of the epidemic was high; this effect was explained by people’s emotional response. Furthermore, youth projected the risk towards ‘the other’ in order to protect their invulnerability identity. Finally, we stress the importance of the SRT on a theoretical and applied level for risk communication in health crises.

Resumen

Desde el enfoque de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales (TRS), y haciendo referencia a la construcción social del riesgo y al papel de las identidades grupales se examinó la representación del riesgo creada por el discurso de los medios de comunicación sobre epidemias sanitarias. Se utilizó un diseño experimental mediante cuestionario split-ballot con 319 sujetos donde se manipuló el framing del mensaje sobre un riesgo de epidemia sanitaria (interés humano vs. atribución de responsabilidad) y la proximidad de la epidemia (alta vs. baja) en una población de identidad de invulnerabilidad alta (jóvenes) vs. baja (mayores). Los resultados mostraron que el framing de interés humano creaba mayor percepción de riesgo, especialmente cuando la proximidad de la epidemia era alta y que este efecto lo explicaba la respuesta emocional de las personas. Además, los jóvenes proyectaron el riesgo hacia ‘los otros’ para proteger así su identidad de invulnerabilidad. Finalmente se subraya la importancia de la TRS a nivel teórico y aplicado en la comunicación de riesgo ante crisis sanitarias.

Acknowledgements / Agradecimientos

This study was performed with aid for the training of pre-doctoral researchers [Pre_2013_2_541] granted by the Basque government and to the consolidated research group from the UPV/EHU (GIC07/113-IT-255-07) and from the UFI Psychology and Society in the twenty-first Century (UFIPSXXI). / Esta investigación se ha realizado dentro de la ayuda para la formación de investigadores, modalidad predoctoral [Pre_2013_2_541], concedida por el Gobierno Vasco y al grupo de investigación consolidado DE LA UPV/EHU (GIC07/113-IT-255-07) de la UFI Psicología y Sociedad en el S. XXI (UFIPSXXI).

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