Over-exploitation of groundwater resources and their environmental and socio-economic implications: the case of Jordan

Abstract

Jordan is overusing its groundwater resources stocks. The present impacts on the groundwater itself are manifested in the drop in groundwater levels, reduction in or ceasing of spring discharges, saltwater intrusions and deteriorating water quality. The socio-economic impacts are results of reduced water quality and quantity. The negative impacts, both on the groundwater resources as such, and on socio-economics are expected to intensify with the passage of time. Rethinking in the management of the water sector has become very essential and radical changes towards a balanced resources/demand equation have become inevitable for a continual yield of water resources to guarantee future generations equity in these resources.

Keywords:

• aquifer over-exploitation
• groundwater levels
• spring discharge
• socioeconomic impacts
• Jordan