Accelerated Tourism Development And Its Impacts In Kullu-Manali, H.P., India

Abstract

Accelerated growth of tourism in the Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh in the Himalaya over the past decade has had substantial impact on the local society, economy and environment. Based on research focused in Manali and environs over this period, growth, development and impacts are described and explained by the unusual geopolitical and other factors which pertain in this area. The analysis shows that the rapid rate of growth which occurred in the early- to mid-1990's has not continued, that the current level of tourism activity may not be sustainable, and that the physical and cultural attractions of the area are compromised by some of the impacts of tourism. The Kullu District contains spectacular mountain scenery and a fascinating cultural heritage with deep historical roots. For centuries it has attracted visitors and has catered to travellers and traders. From the beginning of the 1990's, violent conflict in Kashmir, upgrading of National Highway 21, improvement in communications, effective marketing, and growth of the Indian economy all have contributed to a very rapid growth in tourist visitations and supporting infrastructure which has occurred with both positive and negative effects.