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Abstract
The course of population ageing in China has unique features, and the country’s fundamental national conditions, development path and governance model impose special requirements on the country’s response. A path with Chinese characteristics that actively addresses this issue is urgently needed. The Chinese strategy is built on solid foundations, comprising the governance paradigm advantage of “one core and multiple components”; the structural advantage of “state-family-society” governance arrangements; the national endowment of being a major country with a rich culture; and the late-mover advantage conferred by the scientific and technological innovations of our changing times. It is necessary to clarify the relationship between the national strategy of actively responding to an population ageing and the population development strategy; on this basis, a positive view of ageing need to be cultivated to provide a better environment for the implementation of the national strategy; and to establish a holistic governance framework in which individuals, families, communities, the state, and the world are interconnected by integrating Chinese advantages in the governance of an ageing society. Thus, a systemic Chinese strategy for actively responding to population ageing can be continuously refined.
Notes
1 Communique of Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, p. 17.
2 Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Strengthening Work on Ageing in the New Era, pp. 1-2.
3 Du Peng and Li Long, “Projection of Long-Term Trends of China’s Population Ageing in the New Era.”
4 Data source: China Population Prospects Database, Fudan University (CPP 2017). The median 80 percent confidence interval was selected as data in .
5 Francis Fukuyama, “What Is Governance?”.
6 Wang Shaoguang, “A Study of Governance: From the Perspective of Its Origin.”
7 Wang Shaoguang, A Study of Governance: From the Perspective of Its Origin.
8 Laurence E. Lynn Jr., “Has Governance Eclipsed Government?” p. 684.
9 Du Peng and Wang Yongmei, “Social Governance of China’s Ageing in the 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up: Achievements, Problems and Modernization Paths.”
10 Hu Zhan and Peng Xiche, “China’s Population Governance Pattern in the Context of Governance Transition.”
11 Li Peilin, “Chinese-style Modernization and New Developments in Sociology.”
12 Wu Xiaoming, “Did ‘Civil Society’ Emerge in China after 1978?”.
13 Liu Jianjun, China’s Community, pp. 41-47.
14 Liu Yi, “Family Tradition and Governance Transformation.”
15 Fei Hsiao-Tung, Peasant Life in China.
16 Research Institute of Party History and Literature of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, “Abstracts of Xi Jinping’s Discussion of the Construction of Family Education and Family Spirit,” pp. 1-6.
17 Zhang Yan, “On People and Population Governance: The Normative Interpretation and Reconstruction of Article 25 of the 1982 Constitution.”
18 Wang Jinying and Liu Yanhua, “The Population Cushion in Economic Development: Existence and Theoretical Framework.”
19 Guo Zhigang and Wang Jun, “Divergence and Evolution in the Study of China’s Population Development Strategy.”
20 Xi Jinping, “A National Action under the Leadership of the Party Committee and Guidance from the Government with the Participation of Society to Promote the Comprehensive, Coordinated and Sustainable Development of Ageing Work,” p. 1.
21 Ronald Lee, Andrew Mason and members of the NTA Network, “Is Low Fertility Really a Problem? Population Ageing, Dependency, and Consumption”; The National Academy of Sciences, Ageing and the Macroeconomy: Long-Term Implications of an Older Population.
22 Sun Xiangchen, “Philosophy of the Family and the Problems of Ageing.”
23 Liu Jianjun, China’s Community, pp. 3-4.
24 Martin Jacques, When China Rules the World: The End of the Western World and the Birth of a New Global Order.
25 Yang Juhua, “Research on the Relationship between Family Transformation and Social Governance in the Primary Level.”
26 Du Peng, Xie Lili and Wang Yufei, “Evolution of the Thought and Policies of the Communist Party of China on Ageing Work: A Review of and Reflection on Its Centennial Course.”
27 Mencius: Lilou I.
28 Sun Xiangchen, On Family: Individuals and Kinship Ties, pp. 1-2.
29 Research Institute of Party History and Literature of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, “Abstracts of Xi Jinping’s Discussion on the Construction of Family Education and Family Spirit,” pp. 1-2.
30 Jing Ti ankui, “On the Renewal of Qunxue: Starting from a Sigh of Yan Fu.”
31 Xiang Deping and Hua Xunzi, “The Progress, Evolution and Prospect of Community Construction in China.”
32 Liu Jianjun, China’s Community, p. 15.
33 Xi Jinping, Secure a Decisive Victory in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects and Strive for the Great Success of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era: A Work Report Delivered at the Opening Session of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, p. 49.
34 Du Peng, Xie Lili and Wang Yufei, “Evolution of the Thought and Policies of the Communist Party of China’s Ageing Work: A Review of and Reflection on Its Centennial Course.”