User Association, Power Control and Channel Access Schemes for Two-Tier Macro-Femto Networks: CDF of SINR Analysis

Abstract

In the rapid development of wireless communications, femtocells provide tremendous improvement in coverage and quality of service for users. Macro-femto based networks are envisioned to be the de-facto solution for providing ultra-high speed communications in next-generation mobile wireless networks. This paper studies two-tier macro-femto networks and proposes a collection of novel technologies to address the interference problems. First, a novel user association scheme is proposed that aims to optimize the load among femto base stations (FBSs). Second, a near-optimal ergodic search algorithm is proposed to regulate the power consumption at macro base stations (MBSs) and improve energy efficiency. Third, a channel access mechanism is proposed for FBSs that aims to minimize inter-tier interference. For the proposed system, CDF of SINR is derived and used for performance investigation. Simulation results show that the proposed system can significantly outperform a popular, conventional cognitive radio-based system for all the considered simulation scenarios.

Keywords:

• Channel allocation
• Femtocell
• Macrocell
• OFDMA
• Power consumption

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Notes

1 __________$\arg \underset{\begin{array}{c}i\in \mathcal{M}\end{array}}{min}{\eta }_i=\arg \underset{\begin{array}{c}i\in \mathcal{M}\end{array}}{min}\left(\frac{\varpi }{C}\right)\mathrm{i}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}.$

2 __________h follows an exponential distribution with mean $\frac{1}{\mu }$ which implies $h\sim \exp \left(\mu \right)$

3 __________C is location dependent and it has also slow fading effect.

4 __________Property: For $n_1\le n_2,{\mathbb{P}}_X(n_1<n_s\le n_2)={\mathbb{F}}_X\left(n_2\right)-{\mathbb{F}}_X\left(n_1\right).$ $Proof:{\mathbb{P}}_X(n_s\le n_2)={\mathbb{P}}_X(n_s\le n_1)+{\mathbb{P}}_X(n_1<n_s\le n_2).\mathrm{T}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{s},{\mathbb{F}}_X\left(n_2\right)={\mathbb{F}}_X\left(n_1\right)+{\mathbb{P}}_X(n_1<n_s\le n_2)$

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Joydev Ghosh

Joydev Ghosh received his BTech degree in electronics and communication engineering from BCET, Durgapur, West Bengal, India, in 2008, and MTech degree in telecommunication engineering from NIT, Durgapur, West Bengal, India, in 2013. From July’2009 to Sept’2019, he held various lectureship positions in electronics engineering as a lecturer/senior lecturer, an assistant prof alongside head of the department (HoD) responsibility at Department of Electronics and Tele-Communication Engineering (ETCE), NHIT, Durgapur, India. He is currently a PhD student in School of Computer Science and Robotics at National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), Tomsk, Russia. His areas of research include wireless communications, femtocell, cognitive radio, NOMA for 5G. He serves as a reviewer for various IEEE journals and other journals.

Akhil Gupta

Akhil Gupta received the BE degree in electronics and communication engineering from Jammu University, Jammu and Kashmir, India, in 2010; MTech degree in electronics and communication engineering from the Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, India, in 2013 and PhD degree in electronics and communication engineering from Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu and Kashmir, India, in 2017. He is currently an assistant professor in the School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India. He has published more than 35 research papers, including IEEE Transactions, IEEE Journal, and also International Conference papers. He is currently involved in research work on massive MIMO and device-to-device communication. He is also working on the security issues of next-generation networks, and OPNET simulation, MATLAB, and NS3 tools for wireless communication. His research interests include the emerging technologies of the 5G wireless communication network. He is also an author of the most popular paper in IEEE Xplore and an active reviewer of many IEEE, Springer, Elsevier, and Wiley Journals. Mr Gupta received the teaching assistantship at the Ministry of Human Resource Development from 2011 to 2013. He is a member of the International Association of Engineers and the Universal Association of Computer and Electronics Engineers, and more than 1242 citations in his credit. Email: [email protected]

Hüseyin Haci

Hüseyin Haci holds a BSc degree with high honours and a MSc degree both in computer engineering from Eastern Mediterranean University, Cyprus, and a PhD degree in electronic engineering from University of Kent, UK. He is currently an associate professor at the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Near East University (NEU), Cyprus. He received multiple awards, such as Young Researcher Award (2017) and Scientific Publication Award (2016) from NEU, Cyprus and a best paper award and travel grant in IEEE GLOBECOM 2012, USA. He is actively involved in volunteer services at IEEE and other national and international societies. He is currently serving as a TPC member for ICC2019, China and WCNC2019, Morocco. He also served as the Web Chair of IEEE ICC 2015, UK, and a TPC member for ICC2018, USA, VTC2018-Spring, Portugal, VTC2017-Spring, Australia, VTC2016-Spring, China and EUSPN-2015, Germany. His research interests are in the area of wireless communications, covering topics such as signal processing, problem optimization and performance analysis. Email: [email protected]

Zoltán Jakó

Zoltán Jakó received his BSc degree in electrical engineering from Budapest Tech, Hungary, in 2009 and MSc degree in electrical engineering from Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BUTE), Budapest, Hungary in 2011. He received the PhD degree in electrical engineering from BUTE, Budapest, Hungary in 2017. He is a member of IEEE. Dr Jakó is currently a software developer at BroadBit Hungary Kft. and also an assistant research fellow in department of networked systems and services at BUTE since 2011. His research interests include network design with stochastic geometry, next-generation heterogeneous network analysis and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. He has been involved with several FP7 and Horizon2020 research projects. Email: [email protected]