The May–June 2022 issue of IETE Technical Review, Vol 39, No 3, has 18 articles. They cover interesting topics on remote sensing imagery, control & modulation techniques, power transformers, fibre optics network systems, cognitive radio applications, wireless communication networking, sensor networking, speech intelligibility, optimization techniques, scattering identification ambiguity, electro-optic logic, SI algorithms, ML and computing technologies, including three in-depth review papers.
The papers are written in lucid language. We hope that the papers presented in this issue will impart a new dimension to your understanding of these emerging areas.
The challenges associated with Automatic building extraction i.e., different shape, size, texture of buildings, missing and incomplete buildings due to the occlusion, and high intra-class variation cannot be done efficiently using traditional CNN-based approaches. Prativa Das and Satish Chand in their article, entitled “Extracting Building Footprints from High-resolution Aerial Imagery Using Refined Cross AttentionNet,” propose a refined cross attention neural network (RCA–Net) for precisely extracting the coarse-to fine building features. Using experimental results, they demonstrate how the proposed method outperforms when compared to some of the available current approaches.
The next paper, entitled “A Correlative Investigation of Impedance Source Networks: A Comprehensive Review” authored by Reddiprasad Reddivari and Debashisha Jena provides a concise review of the state-of-the-art impedance source topologies which are used in a wide range of applications like PV-Grid tied systems, wind energy systems, distributed generations, adjustable speed drives, UPS systems, battery/supercapacitor/flywheel energy storage systems, electric vehicles, electronic loads, and dc circuit breakers, etc. The authors discuss the impedance topologies based on their functionality, performance improvements, and switching configuration employed.
Viral B Rathod, Ganesh B Kumbhar and Bhavesh R Bhalja outline the partial discharge mechanism, basic principle, and properties of the acoustic emission (AE) in their paper entitled “Partial Discharge Detection and Localization in Power Transformers based on Acoustic Emission: Theory, Methods, and Recent Trends”. They also highlight the advantages and limitations of the acoustic methods compared to the electrical methods providing a better insight of AE based partial discharge localization in power transformer to avoid insulation damage.
Review on the Developments and Potential Applications of the Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing System authored by Ramji Tangudu and Prasant Kumar Sahu, provides the current status of fiber optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) systems along with their principle of operations, challenges, and potential applications. The authors also review several commercially available DTS systems, and their potentials applications.
Sumon Modak, Taimoor Khan and Rabul Hussain Laskar in their paper entitled “Loaded UWB Monopole Antenna for Quad Band-Notched Characteristics” present a loaded planar monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna exhibiting quadband notched characteristics. They show that the proposed antenna without any extra arrangement covers an impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.9 to 10.5 GHz which suitably meets the requirement of UWB applications. Using measurements, they demonstrate that performance of the fabricated prototype is in very good agreement to the simulated counterparts.
Internet of Things (IoT) used to connect physical objects to the internet for exchanging information and is causing the cellular traffic to increase exponentially in the wireless networks. In this paper entitled “A New Design and Analysis of Power Saving for IoT Gateway,” Jisi Chandroth, Navrati Saxena, Abhishek Roy and Eshita Rastogi focus on applying Discontinuous Reception (DRX) mechanism to IoT gateways, which are required to connect various devices. They show that the proposed DRX at IoT gateways reduces the power consumption and improves the energy efficiency of IoT gateways.
Mudadla Dhananjaya and Swapnajit Pattnaik explain in their paper entitled “Review on Multi-Port DC–DC Converters” how multiport converters (MPCs) play an important role in increasing the demand for multi-input and multi-output applications. They review the crucial information on MISO, SIMO, and MIMO converters discussing various aspects.
Habila Basumatary and Mrinal Kanti Debbarma write that Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are mostly used for applications which hardly have human interaction and WSN is always known for its limited-energy issue. In their paper entitled “Comparative Study on Different Parameters Used for Energy Conservation in Wireless Sensor Networks”, they discuss various WSNs' existing protocols highlighting their merits and demerits including a comparative study of different energy-efficient WSN protocols for different scenarios.
This paper entitled “A Reduced Arm DC–AC Modular Multilevel Converter Topology“ authored by Nibedita Parida and Anandarup Das, presents a new DC to AC Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology which requires lesser number of arms than the traditional MMC to generate equal magnitude and excellent quality of output AC voltage. The authors explain the operational principle and confirm the operation of the new converter topology using simulation and experimental studies.
Gibak Kim writes that over the last decade, time–frequency masking techniques have been explored to achieve substantial improvement of speech intelligibility in noise. This paper entitled “Review of Time–Frequency Masking Approach for Improving Speech Intelligibility in Noise,” the author reviews the T–F masking strategies, covering the definition, preliminary studies with ideal mask, and the estimation of mask in practice.
In the next article, entitled “Inter-Substream Interference-Free Criterion for MIMO Interference-Unaware Receiver”, Jui Teng Wang reports the interference-unaware receiver (IUR), which does not need the knowledge of interference or the process for precoding at the transmitter, for the interference-limited multiple input-multiple-output (MIMO) system. The author shows that in addition to completely eliminating cochannel interference, increasing the number of receive antennas in IUR can also make the MIMO system transmit M parallel substreams without inter-substream interference.
The next paper, entitled “Multi-Objective Profit Based Commitment and Dispatch of Cogeneration System Using Decision Making Strategy Approach” by Himanshu Anand, Nitin Narang and J S Dhillon aims to find optimum heat and power generation schedule of cogeneration system to increase the profit and decrease environmental emissions simultaneously for Generation Companies. They show that the profit realized from civilized swarm and successive approximation is high as compared to continuous/binary particle swarm search algorithm and the emission is less.
The following paper, entitled “Multifrequency Analysis of PolInSAR-based Decomposition Using Cosine-Squared Distribution” authored by Bhanu Prakash M E and Shashi Kumar present a multifrequency analysis of polarimetric decomposition using cosine-squared distribution (PCSD decomposition) to evaluate its potential to rightly represent the scatterer by reducing the identification ambiguity. The authors also conduct a comparison study between the PCSD decomposition and the Yamaguchi-4 component (Y4C) decomposition to demonstrate the improvement in the representation of the ground targets.
A new type of cascading of Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure is reported in “Comprehensive Study of all-in-one Simultaneous Multiple Optical Logic Gate Devices Using Mach–Zehnder Interferometer based on the Electro-optic Effect” by Manish Kumar, Ajay Kumar, Sumit Kumar Jindal & Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi.
Abhishek Sharma, Shraga Shoval, Abhinav Sharma and Jitendra Kumar Pandey present a comprehensive review of SI algorithms centered on the problems related to 3D path planning for target interception by a swarm of UAVs in their paper entitled “Path Planning for Multiple Targets Interception by the Swarm of UAVs based on Swarm Intelligence Algorithms: A Review”. The authors present a comprehensive investigation for each algorithm by analyzing its merits and demerits in the context of target interception.
A technique for cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) using the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is proposed in the paper, entitled “Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Using Extreme Learning Machines for Cognitive Radio Networks,” authored by Manish Kumar Giri and Saikat Majumder. They compare the results with popular fusion schemes and well-known Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The authors demonstrate the potential superiority of ELM over established methods in terms of a better trade-off between training time and detection performance.
Shwet Ketu and Pramod Kumar Mishra in their paper entitled “Cloud, Fog and Mist Computing in IoT: An Indication of Emerging Opportunities” report the emerging opportunities of Cloud, Fog, and Mist computing in IoT paradigms and also describe the layer-wise architecture of these computing technologies. They further discuss various characteristics and significance toward the problem-solving in the IoT paradigm.
An analytical channel potential model of an experimental nano-scaled triple gate MOSFET is reported by Ria Bose and J N Roy in their paper entitled “Three-Dimensional Channel Potential Model of a Triple Gate MOSFET based on Conformal Mapping Technique”. The authors validate the proposed model by comparing the results with numerical simulation data from 3D TCAD Sentaurus.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar
Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India. He is the Chairman of University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi. He is the 12th Vice-Chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (Jan 2016–Feb 2022). He is the President of General Council, National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). He is also on the Board of Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe), established by the Government of India. He was an Editor of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices from 2006 to 2015. He is an Editor of IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society. He has widely published in the area of Micro/Nanoelectronics and is known for his excellence in teaching.Email: [email protected]