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Original Articles

'N LEKSIKAAL-INTERPRETATIEWE ANALISE VAN ENKELE SEMANTIESE RELASIES IN XHOSA

Pages 73-130 | Published online: 24 Oct 2012
 

Abstract

Hierdie studie het as teoretiese uitgangspunt die leksi kaal- interpretatiewe model van generati ewe grammatika, gepostuleer in Bresnan (1978). Binne die kader van hierdie teorie word 'n analise gegee van enkele semantiese relasies, in die besonder die aktief-passiefrelasie, in 'n aantal Xhosa-sinstrukture. Daar sal aangetoon word dat die voorgestelde analises vir die aktief-passiefrelasie soos geformuleer in Bresnan (1978) en Hoekstra en Moortgat (1979) ook van toepassing is vir bepaalde passiefkonstruksies in Xhosa. Dit blyk egter voorts dat die genoemde analises uitgebrei moet word ten einde die semantiese relasies in bepaalde ander passiefstrukture van Xhosa te verantwoord. Die passief-strukture wat in hierdie verband besonderlik ter sprake kom, is passiefsinne met die eksistensiële ku as sintaktiese subjek, en die passiewe van dubbeloorganklike werkwoorde.

Die fundamentele vraag wat van belang is in hierdie ondersoek kan as volg geformuleer word: Hoe is die logiese argumentstruktuur van 'n werkwoord in relasie met die verskillende sintaktiese kontekste waarin dit kan verskyn? As oplossing vir hierdie vraag, word binne diè raamwerk van die leksi kaal-interpretatiewe model leksi kale funksionele structure gepostuleer, wat 'n direkte aftekening voorsien tussen die logiese argumentstruktuur van 'n werkwoord en die verskillende sintak-tiese kontekste waarin dit kan verskyn. Sodoende kan die relasies tussen die funksionele struktuur van 'n werkwoord en die verskillende sintaktiese kontekste daarvan, as bewerkings op die logiese argumentstruktuur van die werkwoord uitgedruk word. Dit is dus moontlik om in terme van die leksi kale funksionele strukture, informasie aangaande die semantiese relasies in 'n sin direk vanaf die oppervlakstruktuur af te lei.

This study has as its theoretical starting-point the lexical- interpretive model of generative grammar, as postulated in Bresnan (1978). Within the framework of this theory an analysis is given of some semantic relations—in particular the active-passive relation—in a number of Xhosa sentence structures. It will be shown that the proposed analyses for active-passive relations as formulated in Bresnan (1978), Hoekstra and Moortgat (1979) are also applicable to certain passive constructions in Xhosa. It becomes evident that the above-mentioned analyses must be extended in order to account for particular semantic relations in certain other passive structures in Xhosa. The passive structures referred to in this regard are passive sentences which incorporate the existential ku as syntactic subject, as well as the passive of bitransitive verbs.

The fundamental question that is of significance in this investigation may be formulated as follows: What is the logical argument structure of a verb in relation to the different syntactic contexts in which the verb can occur? In order to answer this question, lexical functional structures are postulated within the framework of the lexical- interpretive model. These mirror the relationship that exists between the logical argument structure of a verb and the different syntactic contexts in which the verb occurs. Such a relationship can therefore be expressed in terms of operations on the logical argument structure of the verb. It is thus possible to deduce information relating to the semantic relations in a sentence directly from the surface structure in terms of lexical functional structures.

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