The Modern Girl and the Lady: Negotiating Modern Womanhood in a South African Magazine, 1910–1920

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of how the definition of the ideal ‘modern’ woman changed in South Africa for white middle- and upper-class women. Many of the changes in the definition of the ideal woman were appropriated from Britain, but the definition also differed. In general, these differences have been overlooked by academia as there is a prevailing assumption that South African women’s views on gender either reflected British trends or differed only in terms of the suffrage movement and racial views. I argue that studying popular magazines and literature at the time will provide a clearer indication of how women negotiated their roles as these are polyphonic texts that do not merely reflect one author’s view. Using an intertextual approach this study looks at a popular magazine from the time, the South African Lady’s Pictorial and Home Journal, as well as several of the South African novels reviewed in the magazine to trace the conversation over the period in question. Through discourse analysis, major trends and changes in those trends have been identified to show how white English-speaking women defined womanhood at a time when there were great changes and challenges to gender norms.

Keywords:

• South African Lady’s Pictorial and Home Journal
• media history
• South African literature
• book history
• gender
• white English-speaking South Africans
• women’s magazines

Notes

1 M. Beetham, ‘The Reinvention of the English Domestic Woman: Class and “Race” in the 1890s’ Woman’s Magazine’, Women’s Studies International Forum, 21, 3 (1998), 223–233.

2 V. Bickford-Smith, ‘Writing About Englishness, South Africa’s Forgotten Nationalism’, in G. MacPhee and P. Poddar, Empire and After: Englishness in Postcolonial Perspective (New York: Berghahn Books, 2007); L. Grundlingh, ‘“In the Crisis, Who Would Tamper with the Existing Order?” The Political and Public Reaction of English-Speaking South Africans to the 1914 Rebellion’, Historia, 59, 2 (2014), 152–170; J. Lambert, ‘“An Unknown People”: Reconstructing British South African Identity’, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 37, 4 (2009), 599–617; V. Bickford-Smith, Ethnic Pride and Racial Prejudice in Victorian Cape Town (Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1995); V. Bickford-Smith, E. Van Heyningen and N. Worden, Cape Town in the Twentieth Century: An Illustrated Social History (Claremont: D. Philip Publishers, 1999); J. Hyslop, ‘Cape Town Highlanders, Transvaal Scottish: Military “Scottishness” and Social Power in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century South Africa’, South African Historical Journal, 47, 1 (2002), 96–114; J.M. MacKenzie and N.R. Dalziel, The Scots in South Africa: Ethnicity, Identity, Gender and Race, 1772–1914 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007); A. Thompson, ‘The Languages of Loyalism in Southern Africa, C. 1870–1939’, The English Historical Review, 118, 477 (2003), 617–650; S. Dubow, ‘How British Was the British World? The Case of South Africa’, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 37, 1 (2009), 1–27; C. Saunders, ‘Britishness in South Africa’, Humanities Research, 8, 1 (2006).

3 A.L. Dick, ‘“To Make the People of South Africa Proud of Their Membership of the Great British Empire”: Home Reading Unions in South Africa, 1900–1914’, Libraries and Culture, 40, 1 (2005), 1–24; A.L. Dick, ‘Building a Nation of Readers? Women’s Organizations and the Politics of Reading in South Africa, 1900–1914’, Historia, 49, 2 (2004), 23–44; A. Dick, The Hidden History of South Africa’s Book and Reading Cultures (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012).

4 C. Walker, Women and Resistance in South Africa (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1991).

5 E.L. Riedi, ‘Imperialist Women in Edwardian Britain: The Victoria League, 1899–1914’ (PhD Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998); E. Van Heyningen and P. Merrett, ‘“The Healing Touch”: The Guild of Loyal Women of South Africa 1900–1912’, South African Historical Journal, 47, 1 (2002), 24–50.

6 ‘Over the tea-cups’, SALPHJ, 2, 21 (1912), 2.

7 ‘Mrs. Katherine Kemp, editor “S.A. Lady’s Pictorial”, 1910–1927’, SALPHJ, 28, 205 (1927), 5.

8 Today Cape Town, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Namibia and Maputo.

9 See, for example, ‘Over the tea-cups’.

10 This article provides a cursory view of the analysis of these texts, which were studied as part of a larger study. Thus, while 35 books were analysed to identify the prevailing trends, mention is only made of 18 here.

11 A. Odendaal, ‘“Neither Cricketers nor Ladies”: Towards a History of Women and Cricket in South Africa, 1860s–2000s’, The International Journal of the History of Sport, 28, 1 (2011), 115–136; L.M. Thomas, ‘The Modern Girl and Racial Respectability in 1930s South Africa’, The Journal of African History, 47, 3 (2006), 461–490; J. Kearney, ‘The Boer Rebellion in South African English Fiction’, Journal of Literary Studies, 14, 3-4 (1998), 375–391.

12 I. Venter, ‘Race and Gender Discourse in the South African Lady’s Pictorial and Home Journal and Selected Books Reviewed (1911–1919)’ (Master's dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 2017).

13 L. Kruger, ‘Gender, Community and Identity: Women and Afrikaner Nationalism in the Volksmoeder Discourse of Die Boerevrou (1919–1931)’ (Masters dissertation, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, March 1991); M. Du Toit, ‘The Domesticity of Afrikaner Nationalism: Volksmoeders and the ACVV, 1904–1929’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 29, 1 (2003), 155–176.

14 D.G.N. Cornwell, ‘The Discourse of Race in South African English Writing 1890–1930’ (PhD thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 1995), 127.

15 J.A. Kearney, Representing Dissension: Riot, Rebellion and Resistance in the South African English Novel. (Unisa Press: Pretoria, 2003).

16 P. Merrington, ‘Pageantry and Primitivism: Dorothea Fairbridge and the “Aesthetics of Union”’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 21, 4 (1995), 643–656; L. Stanley, ‘Olive Schreiner, “A Returned South African”, Her Letters, Her Essays, Her Fiction, Her Politics, Her Life: The Epistolarium Revisited’, in L. Stanley, ed, Olive Schreiner and Company: Schreiner’s Letters and ‘Drinking In the External World (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, 2011), 19–44; L. Stanley, Imperialism, Labour and the New Woman: Olive Schreiner’s Social Theory (London: Routledge, 2014); A. Chennels, ‘The Mimic Women: Early Women Novelists and White Southern African Nationalisms’, Historia, 49, 1 (2004), 71–88; A. Chennells, ‘“Where to Touch Them?”: Representing the Ndebele in Rhodesian Fiction’, Historia, 52, 1 (2007), 69–97; M. Wade, ‘Myth, Truth and the South African Reality in the Fiction of Sarah Gertrude Millin’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 1, 1 (1974), 91–108.

17 S. Dubow, ‘Race, Civilisation and Culture: The Elaboration of Segregationist Discourse in the Inter-War Years’, in S. Marks and S. Trapido, The Politics of Race, Class and Nationalism in Twentieth Century South Africa (Essex: Longman, 1987); S. Dubow, A Commonwealth of Knowledge. Science, Sensiblity and White South Africa 1820–2000 (Cape Town: Juta, 2006); T. Keegan, ‘Gender, Degeneration and Sexual Danger: Imagining Race and Class in South Africa, Ca.1912’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 27, 3 (2001), 459–477; Cornwell, ‘The Discourse of Race’; L.V. Graham, State of Peril: Race and Rape in South African Literature (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015).

18 ‘Editorial Preface: A New Journal for the Humanities’, Literature and History, 1, 1 (1975), 1.

19 R. Wodak, Gender and Discourse (London: Sage, 1997), 6.

20 R. Wodak and M. Reisigl, ‘The Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA)’, in R. Wodak and M. Meyer, Methods for Critical Discourse Analysis (London: Sage, 2009), 90; W. Irwin, ‘Against Intertextuality’, Philosophy and Literature, 28, 2 (2004), 227–242.

21 B.R.O.G. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 2006).

22 Ibid.

23 L.L. Cohen and J.A. Stein, Early African American Print Culture (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012).

24 K. Shevelow, ‘Fathers and Daughters: Women as Readers of the Tatler’, in P.P. Schweickart and E.A. Flynn, Gender and Reading: Essays on Readers, Texts, and Contexts (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); M. Beetham, A Magazine of Her Own: Domesticity and Desire in the Woman’s Magazine, 1800–1914 (New York: Routledge, 1996).

25 Beetham, ‘The Reinvention of the English Domestic Woman’, 223–233.

26 M. Mahrt, ‘The Attractiveness of Magazines as “Open” and “Closed” Texts: Values of Women’s Magazines and Their Readers’, Mass Communication and Society, 15, 6 (2012), 852–874.

27 S. Dubow, ‘How British was the British World? The Case of South Africa’, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 37, 1 (2009), 1–27; C. Saunders, ‘Britishness in South Africa’, Humanities Research, 8, 1 (2006), 61–69.

28 Dubow, ‘How British Was the British World?’; Saunders, ‘Britishness in South Africa’; Dubow, A Commonwealth of Knowledge.

29 J. Barber, South Africa in the Twentieth Century: A Political History in Search of a Nation State, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999), 60; ‘A Daughter of South Africa: Mrs. George A. Roth’, SALPHJ, 3, 30 (1913), 35. See also, for example, ‘A Daughter of South Africa. Mrs. John George Melville’, SALPHJ, 3, 36 (1913), 50.

30 I.J. Venter, ‘The South African Lady’s Pictorial and Home Journal as a Subtle Agent of Change for British South African Women’s View of Race Relations in Southern Africa’, Critical Arts: South–North Cultural and Media Studies, 28, 5 (2014) 852–855.

31 ‘A Visit to Mariannhill’, SALPHJ, 2, 16 (1911), 21–23; ‘A Visit to Lovedale’, SALPHJ, 3, 31 (1913) 36, 38, 39; ‘Hospital Training for Native Girls’, SALPHJ, 9, 105 (1919), 34.

32 Venter, ‘The South African Lady’s Pictorial and Home Journal as a Subtle Agent of Change’, 852–855; Dubow, A Commonwealth of Knowledge, 10; Cornwell, ‘The Discourse of Race’, 1.

33 Venter, ‘The South African Lady’s Pictorial and Home Journal as a Subtle Agent of Change’, 838–856.

34 D. Cherry, Beyond the Frame: Feminism and Visual Culture, Britain 1850 –1900 (London: Taylor & Francis, 2012).

35 Ibid., 1630; M.J. Smith, Imperial Girls, Empire in British Girls’ Literature and Culture, 1880–1915 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), 2, 16, 137–138; S.S. Mosedale, ‘Science Corrupted: Victorian Biologists Consider “The Woman Question”’, Journal of the History of Biology, 11,1 (1978), 1–55.

36 ‘Bookmark’, ‘My lady’s books’, SALPHJ, 3, 36 (1913), 3.

37 T.H. Lewis, Women of South Africa (Cape Town: Le Quesne and Hooten-Smith, 1913), preface.

38 L. McNay, ‘Agency, Anticipation and Indeterminacy in Feminist Theory’, Feminist Theory, 4, 2 (2003), 140–141; L.M. Ahearn, ‘Language and Agency’, Annual Review of Anthropology, 30, (2001), 115.

39 J.C. Williams, ‘From Difference to Dominance to Domesticity: Care as Work, Gender as Tradition’, Chicago Kent Law Review, 76, 1441 (2001), 1441–1493; McNay, ‘Agency, Anticipation and Indeterminacy’, 139–148; Ahearn, ‘Language and Agency’, 109–137.

40 Ahearn, ‘Language and Agency’, 118.

41 ‘Our Letter from Overseas’, SALPHJ, 1, 9 (1911), 40.

42 ‘The Woman Well Dressed’, SALPHJ, 1, 12 (1911), 17.

43 O. Racster and J. Grove, The Phases of Felicity (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1916); ‘Our London Letter’, SALPHJ, 8, 91 (1918), 24; ‘Women Hunters of Big Game: Mrs. A.M. Holloway’, SALPHJ, 6, 64 (1915), 35.

44 N.J. Troy, ‘The Theatre of Fashion: Staging Haute Couture in Early 20th-Century France’, Theatre Journal, 53, 1 (2001), 9.

45 ‘The Woman Well Dress’, SALPHJ, 2, 15 (1911), 18.

46 These appeared on a monthly basis between 1911 and 1920; see, for example, ‘Society’s Doings. From Our Correspondents In Every Province’, SALHJ, 1, 6 (1911), 5; ‘Society Gossip’, SALPHJ, 10, 110 (1919), 4; ‘Song and Show’, SALPHJ, 2, 24 (1912), 59; ‘The Passing Show’, SALPHJ, 10, 17 (1920), 43.

47 ‘Our Letter from Overseas’, SALPHJ, 2, 13 (1911), 24.

48 See for example, ‘Our Letter from Overseas’, SALPHJ, 2, 13 (1911), 24; ‘Ladies in the Field’, SALPHJ, 1, 9 (1911), 30; ‘The Golf Widow: A Story for the Married and the Marriageable’, SALPHJ, 2, 23 (1912), 21–2; ‘Our Letter from Overseas’, SALPHJ, 5, 57 (1915), 56; ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 2, 14 (1911), 3.

49 Odendaal, ‘Neither Cricketers nor Ladies’, 121.

50 Ibid., 120–121.

51 ‘Ladies in the Field’, SALPHJ, 1, 9 (1911), 30.

52 Odendaal, ‘Neither Cricketers nor Ladies’, 119–120.

53 Cherry, Beyond the Frame; E. Fox-Genovese, ‘Placing Women’s History in History’, New Left Review, 133 (1982), 15–21; G.C. Spivak, ‘Three Women’s Texts and a Critique of Imperialism’, Critical Inquiry, 12, 1 (1985), 246.

54 Odendaal, ‘Neither Cricketers nor Ladies’, 115–136.

55 Smith, Imperial Girls, 70–71.

56 See, for example, ‘Ellerslie Sea Point Girl’s Public School’, SALPHJ, 1, 6 (1911), 26; ‘St Andrew’s’, SALPHJ, 1, 7 (1911), 15, 27; ‘“D.S.G.” The Diocesan School for Girls, Grahamstown’, SALPHJ, 2, 19 (1912), 50; ‘The Good Hope Seminary’, SALPHJ, 2, 20 (1912), 34.

57 M. Baldwin, Corah’s School Chums (London: W. and R. Chambers, 1912); ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 3, 27 (1912), 2; M. Hartill, Anne Greenfield, Onderwijzeres (Cape Town: T Maskew Miller, 1915); ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 6, 64 (1915), 3; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 3, 32 (1913), 3.

58 Smith, Imperial Girls, 6.

59 Ibid.

60 See, for example: L.A. Robinson, ‘Some Past and Present Types of Womanhood’, SALPHJ, 6, 64 (1915), 50; ‘Our London letter’, SALPHJ, 8, 91 (1918), 24. ; L. Thompson, Fate’s High Chancery (Cape Town: Juta, 1916), 75; ‘General Enquiries’, SALPHJ, 9, 102 (1919), 38; ‘The Post Office as a Career for South African Girls’, SALPHJ, 2, 14 (1911), 14–15.

61 Smith, Imperial Girls, 7–8.

62 Odendaal, ‘Neither Cricketers nor Ladies’, 121.

63 ‘Women Workers on the Rand’, SALPHJ, 1, 7 (1911), 41; ‘The Girl in the Stoep Room: The Story of a Postponed Wedding’, SALPHJ, 3, 26 (1912), 21–23; H.E.G., ‘The Prerogative’, SALPHJ, 6, 66 (1916), 50; R.S. Alexander, ‘The Hanging Sword’, SALPHJ, 6, 70 (1916), 19.

64 ‘The Post Office as a Career’; ‘Commercial Life for Women’, SALPHJ, 3, 29 (1913), 33; ‘Women Workers on the Rand’; ‘The Girl in the Stoep Room’, 21–23; A.J. Baker, I Too Have Known (London: John Long, 1911); M. Hartill, Anne Greenfield, onderwijzeres; D. Broadway, The Longest Way Round (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1916); W. Westrup, The Debt (London: Alston Rivers, 1912); W. Westrup, The Land of To–morrow (London: Alston Rivers, 1912).

65 See for example, C. Mansfield, Via Rhodesia: A Journey through Southern Africa (London: S. Paul and co., 1911); ‘Women Workers on the Rand’; ‘From the Cape to the Congo. Topics for South African Women’, SALPHJ, 2, 23 (1912), 67; ‘From the Cape to the Congo. Topics for South African Women’, SALPHJ, 2, 17 (1912), 49; ‘Woman in South Africa. Topics of Interest to All’, SALPHJ, 4, 42 (1914), 58; ‘Agricultural Farm for Women at Potchefstroom’, SALPHJ, 6, 67 (1916), 48; ‘A Woman’s Settlement’, SALPHJ, 6, 69 (1916), 16; ‘From the Cape to the Congo. Topics for South African Women’, SALPHJ, 2, 22 (1912), 63.

66 ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 3, 36 (1913), 3.

67 P. Ford, A Page in Man’s History (London: John Long, 1913).

68 N.M. Chastel de Boinville, ‘A Timely Interference. A Story of South Africa’, SALPHJ, 2, 21 (1912), 21–23; N.M. Chastel de Boinville, ‘A Wild Rose. A Complete Story’, SALPHJ, 2, 24 (1912), 21; N.M. Chastel de Boinville, ‘A Farmer’s Daughter’, SALPHJ, 3, 32 (1913), 21; Baldwin, Corah’s School Chums; Racster and Grove, The Phases of Felicity.

69 K.E. McCrone, ‘Play Up! Play Up! And Play the Game! Sport at the Late Victorian Girls’ Public School’, The Journal of British Studies, 23, 02 (1984), 106–134.

70 Robinson, ‘Some Past and Present Types’, 50.

71 Baldwin, Corah’s School Chums; Brandt, The Petticoat Commando: The Adventures of Women in the Boer Secret Service (London: Mills and Boon, 1913); Hartill, Anne Greenfield, Onderwijzeres.

72 K. Kemp, ‘Over the Tea-Cups’, SALPHJ, 7, 78 (1917), 2.

73 See, for example, ‘Lady Pioneer on the Rand. Mrs. C. H. Matterson’, SALPHJ, 2, 22 (1912), 22; ‘Racing at Milnerton’, SALPHJ, 3, 35 (1913), 2; ‘Meet of the Wynberg Paperchase Club’, SALPHJ, 4, 37 (1913), 3; ‘Ladies in the Field’, SALPHJ, 4, 46 (1914), 40, 43.

74 Chastel de Boinville, ‘A Farmer’s Daughter’; Baker, I Too Have Known; E. Magennis, ‘The Fairy Tale’, SALPHJ, 2, 17 (1912), 21–22. ; F.H. Rose, Haidee (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1917); P. de Riet, ‘Love and War I’, SALPHJ, 9, 108 (1919), 17; P. De Riet, ‘Love and War VIII’, SALPHJ, 10, 114 (1920), 19; C. Mansfield, Gloria: A Girl of the South African Veld (London: Holden and Hardingham, 1916); Broadway, The Longest Way Round.

75 Magennis, ‘The Fairy Tale’.

76 See, for example, Rose, Haidee; de Riet, ‘Love and War I’; De Riet, ‘Love and War VIII’.

77 C. Mansfield, Gloria: A Girl of the South African Veld; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 6, 63 (1915), 3.

78 P. De Riet, ‘Love and War IV’, SALPHJ, 10, 111 (1919), 19; De Riet, ‘Love and War VIII’; P. De Riet, ‘Love and War IX’, SALPHJ, 10, 115 (1920), 17.

79 Broadway, The Longest Way Round; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 6, 72 (1916), 36.

80 M.F. Maturin, ‘Our Camp in the Wilds’, SALPHJ, 1, 10 (1911), 18–19; ‘Charlotte Mansfield, ‘An Interesting Study’, SALPHJ, 2, 18 (1912), 52; Mansfield, Via Rhodesia.

81 ‘Charlotte Mansfield. An Interesting Study’, SALPHJ, 2, 18 (1912), 52; ‘Women Hunters of Big Game’.

82 Cherry, Beyond the Frame.

83 See, for example, ‘Lady Pioneers on the Rand. Mrs. David Rintoul’, SALPHJ, 1, 12 (1911), 17; ‘Lady Pioneers on the Rand: Lady Dunbar’, SALPHJ, 1, 10 (1911), 20; ‘Lady Pioneers on the Rand. Mrs. Charles Marx’, SALPHJ, 2, 19 (1912), 22.

84 See, for example, ‘A Daughter of South Africa. Mrs. George A. Roth’, SALPHJ, 3, 30 (1913), 35; ‘A Daughter of South Africa. Mrs. John George Melville’, SALPHJ, 3, 36 (1913), 50; ‘A Daughter of South Africa. Mrs. H.C. Bailie’, SALPHJ, 3, 31 (1913), 13.

85 Baldwin, Corah’s School Chums, 133–134; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 3, 27 (1912), 2.

86 Baldwin, Corah’s School Chums, 157.

87 Ibid.

88 ‘The South African Schoolgirl’, SALPHJ, 2, 19 (1912), 50.

89 See, for example, Chastel de Boinville, ‘A Timely Interference’.

90 Baker, I Too Have Known; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 2, 17 (1912), 3; O. Racster and J. Grove, The Phases of Felicity; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 5, 56 (1915), 3; M. Hartill, Anne Greenfield, Onderwijzeres; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 6, 64 (1915), 3; M.E. Martens, A Daughter of Sin. A Simple Story (London: Eliot Stock, 1915); ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 5, 59 (1915), 3; D. Broadway, The Longest Way Round; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 6, 72 (1916), 36.

91 Hartill, Anne Greenfield, Onderwijzeres; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 6, 64 (1915), 3; W. Westrup, The Debt; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 3, 28 (1912), 2; O. Racster and J. Grove, The Phases of Felicity; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 5, 56 (1915), 3; L. Thompson, Fate’s High Chancery; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 7, 76 (1916), 3.

92 ‘Then and Now’, SALPHJ, 5, 58 (1915), 57; D.S. Spero, ‘The Grip of Yesterday’, SALPHJ, 6, 67 (1916), 44.

93 ‘General Enquiries’, SALPHJ, 9, 102 (1919), 38.

94 Keegan, ‘Gender, Degeneration and Sexual Danger’; Cornwell, ‘The Discourse of Race’; Graham, State of Peril; Martens, A Daughter of Sin; Hartill, Anne Greenfield, Onderwijzeres; Baker, I Too Have Known; E.L. McPherson, ‘The Black Peril’, SALPHJ, 1, 6 (1911), 29–30; ‘From the Cape to the Congo. Topics for South African Women’, SALPHJ, 2, 23 (1912), 67.

95 ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 5, 58 (1915), 3.

96 ‘Lady Pioneers on the Rand. Mrs. David Rintoul’.

97 Mansfield, Via Rhodesia; ‘Charlotte Mansfield. An Interesting Study’; Baker, I Too Have Known; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 2, 17 (1912), 3; Hartill, Anne Greenfield, Onderwijzeres; ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 6, 64 (1915), 3.

98 Keegan, ‘Gender, Degeneration and Sexual Danger’.

99 E. Bickford, Frampton’s Deception. A Story of South African Dorp Life and Other Stories (Cape Town: Darter Bros and Co., 1911); Racster and Grove, The Phases of Felicity; Hartill, Anne Greenfield, Onderwijzeres; Martens, A Daughter of Sin; Thompson, Fate’s High Chancery; Westrup, The Land of to-Morrow; Westrup, The Debt.

100 ‘A Message for Women’, SALPHJ, 6, 63 (1915), 48.

101 See, for example, A. Chisholm, ‘Eve’s Passport’, SALPHJ, 8, 86 (1917), 19, 45; de Riet, ‘Love and War I’; Dorothea, ‘Irene Mcnair, Journalist’, SALPHJ, 6, 68 (1916), 19; H.E.G., ‘The Prerogative’; Spero, ‘The Grip of Yesterday’, SALPHJ, 6, 67 (1916), 44, 6.

102 ‘Our London Letter’, SALPHJ, 8, 91 (1918), 24.

103 Cornwell, ‘The Discourse of Race’; P.M. Krebs, ‘Olive Schreiner’s Racialization of South Africa’, Victorian Studies, 40, 3, (1997), 427–444; D. Lorimer, ‘From Natural Science to Social Science: Race and the Language of Race Relations in Late Victorian and Edwardian Discourse,’ Proceedings of the British Academy, 155, (2009), 185–186.

104 Compare, for example, Chastel de Boinville, ‘A Timely Interference’ and Chastel de Boinville, ‘A Wild Rose’, with Chastel de Boinville, A Farmer’s Daughter, SALPHJ, 3, 32 (1913), 21.

105 See, for example, ‘Then and Now’, SALPHJ, 5, 58 (1915), 57; Robinson, ‘Some Past and Present Types of Womanhood’; ‘Idle Thoughts of a Bachelor Maid’, SALPHJ, 7, 74 (1916), 54; R.S. Alexander, ‘The Girl of to-Morrow’, SALPHJ, 6, 68 (1916), 40.

106 Robinson, ‘Some Past and Present Types of Womanhood’.

107 ‘Bookmark’, ‘My Lady’s Books’, SALPHJ, 6, 65 (1916), 3.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Isabella J. Venter

Author Biography

ISABELLA J. VENTER recently completed her MHCS entitled ‘Race and Gender Discourse in the South African Lady’s Pictorial and Home Journal and Selected Books Reviewed (1911–1919)’ at the University of Pretoria. Her focus is on race and gender discourse within popular reading material in the early twentieth century which she is currently applying to her doctorate. She currently works at the Department of Mining Engineering at the University of Pretoria.