US Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold War In Africa: A Bridge Between Global Conflict and the New World Order, 1988–1994

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Notes

1 Sue Onslow, ‘Research Notes Special Collection: The Cold War in Southern Africa’, Cold War History, 22, 3 ()–358.

2 See e.g. Leopold Scholtz, The SADF and Cuito Cuanavale (Johannesburg: Delta Books, 2020).

3 Irina Filatova and Apollon Davidson, The Hidden Thread. Russia and South Africa in the Soviet Era (Roggebaai: Jonathan Ball, 2013).

4 For example, Csaba Bekes sees a meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Pact in July 1988 as ‘the beginning of the end for the Soviet bloc’: Hungary’s Cold War: International Relations from the End of World War II to the Fall of the Soviet Union (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2022), Introduction.

5 cf. e.g. Chris Saunders, ‘“1989” and Southern Africa’, in Matthias Middell, Ulf Engel, and Frank Hadler, eds, 1989 in a Global Perspective (Leipzig; Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 2015); Chris Saunders, ‘External Influences on Southern African Transformations: 1989 in Perspective’, in Comparativ. Zeitschrift für Globalgeschichte und vergleichende Gesellschaftsforschung 29, 4 (2019), 42–53.

6 The fullest discussion is Zwelethu Jolobe, International Mediation in the South African Transition: Brokering Power in Intractable Conflicts (Abingdon: Routledge, 2019).

7 cf. esp. Robert van Niekerk and Vishnu Padayachee, Shadow of Liberation: Contestation and Compromise in the Economic and Social Policy of the African National Congress, 1943–1996 (Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand Press, 2021).

8 Cleophas Johannes Tsokodayi, Namibia’s Independence Struggle: The Role of the United Nations (n.p.: Xlibris Corporation, n.d.).

9 Vladimir Shubin, The Hot “Cold War”: The USSR in Southern Africa (London: Pluto Press; 2008).

10 Nancy Jacobs, ‘How Washington Okumu Became the Mediator Who Saved the 1994 South African Elections’, South African Historical Journal, 73, 2 (2021), 288–317.