Heterogeneous Photocatalysis with Nanoclusters of D¹⁰ Metal Ions Doped in Zeolites

Abstract

Nanoclusters of d¹⁰ metal ions, including silver, gold, and copper ions anchored in the zeolite host, have been prepared and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including luminescence, Raman, and FT-EXAFS, along with theoretical calculations. Analyses indicate the formation of metal ion oligomers. The encapsulated oligomers in various zeolite hosts have been used to decompose toxic nitric oxide and pesticides into innocuous products. The properties of the various zeolites are identified and the catalytic role of parameters such as composition and pore diameter are investigated. The role of the d¹⁰ metal ion clusters in the catalytic reactions is discussed and kinetic mechanisms for the photocatalytic reactions are proposed.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Keywords:

• metal nanoclusters
• NO_x
• photocatalysis
• pesticides
• zeolites