Development and validation of a multidimensional scale measuring free time boredom

Abstract

A test was developed to assess free time boredom (the FTB scale). FTB components suggested by the literature were utilized to extract indicators, then developed into items. Three preliminary trials were used on separate samples of 109, 152 and 163 persons, to add, delete and modify items. Factor analysis in a final field test (347 subjects) produced four factors, accounting for 45% of the variance. Based upon the resulting factor structure, four subscales were developed and labelled as ‘lack of meaningful involvement’, ‘lack of mental involvement’, ‘slowness of time’ and ‘lack of physical involvement’. Internal consistency coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.91 to 0.78 while inter-subscale correlations ranged from r = 0.62 to 0.23. The moderate relationships of the FTB scale with the Boredom Proneness Scale and two items on boredom demonstrated acceptable concurrent validity. The FTB scale suggests a concise, valid and reliable test of individuals’ boredom in their free hours, which may be applied to practical settings and research studies. Discussion and limitations are provided.