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Articles

Water balance simulation for resource evaluation at the catchment scale: application to the Nema (Sudano-Sahelian zone, Senegal)

Simulation d’un bilan hydrique pour évaluer les ressources à l’échelle d’un bassin: application à la Nema (zone subsaharienne, Sénégal)

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Pages 1620-1630 | Received 30 Jul 2013, Accepted 07 Apr 2014, Published online: 03 Aug 2015
 

Abstract

The Nema is a river in western Senegal where only a minority of inhabitants has access to drinking water. Rainfall has been decreasing in this region since the 1960s. It is crucial to understand how this change affects groundwater recharge. The objective of this research is to determine the current proportions of groundwater recharge, runoff, subsurface runoff and evapotranspiration using a simulation approach. The Nash criterion and water balance error were used to evaluate the quality of the simulations. The following results were obtained: the Nash criterion was 0.73 for calibration (0.73 for validation), and the water balance error was −0.35% and 0.005%, respectively, for the hydrological years 1995/96 and 1997/98. Evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge are the main processes involved.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor D. Hughes

Résumé

La Néma est une rivière de l’Ouest du Sénégal où seule une minorité des habitants a accès à de l’eau potable. Les précipitations ont diminué dans cette région depuis les années soixante. L’objectif de cette recherche est de déterminer par simulation les proportions de la recharge en eau souterraine, des ruissellements de surface et hypodermiques, et de l’évapotranspiration. La qualité des résultats de simulation a été évaluée par le critère de Nash et une erreur du bilan hydrique. Les résultats obtenus sont les suivants: un critère de Nash de 0,73 lors des phases de calage et de validation, une erreur de bilan de –0,35% et 0,005% pour les années hydrologiques 1995/96 et 1997/98. Les termes principaux du bilan sont l’évapotranspiration et la recharge en eau souterraine.

Additional information

Funding

This work is financially supported by the Languedoc-Roussillon Region (France) through its mobility scholarship programme, and by the Islamic Development Bank under its MSc Scholarship Programme in Science and Technology for Least Developed Countries [grant number TO/2009/0039].

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