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Original Articles

Dependence between flood peaks and volumes: a case study on climate and hydrological controls

Relation entre pics et volumes de crues : étude des déterminants climatiques et hydrologiques

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 968-984 | Received 18 Jul 2013, Accepted 15 Jul 2014, Published online: 28 Apr 2015
 

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to understand the causal factors controlling the relationship between flood peaks and volumes in a regional context. A case study is performed based on 330 catchments in Austria ranging from 6 to 500 km2 in size. Maximum annual flood discharges are compared with the associated flood volumes, and the consistency of the peak–volume relationship is quantified by the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The results indicate that climate-related factors are more important than catchment-related factors in controlling the consistency. Spearman rank correlation coefficients typically range from about 0.2 in the high alpine catchments to about 0.8 in the lowlands. The weak dependence in the high alpine catchments is due to the mix of flood types, including long-duration snowmelt, synoptic floods and flash floods. In the lowlands, the flood durations vary less in a given catchment which is related to the filtering of the distribution of all storms by the catchment response time to produce the distribution of flood producing storms.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Résumé

Le but de cet article est d’identifier les facteurs contrôlant la relation entre pics et volumes de crues dans un contexte régional. Une étude de cas a été réalisée sur la base de 330 bassins versants autrichiens, dont les superficies allaient de 6 à 500 km2. Les débits des crues maximales annuelles ont été comparés aux volumes de crue associés et la qualité de la relation pic–volume a été quantifiée par le coefficient de corrélation de rang de Spearman. Les résultats indiquent que les facteurs liés au climat contrôlent davantage la qualité de la relation que les facteurs liés au bassin. Les coefficients de corrélation de rang de Spearman vont généralement d’environ 0,2 pour les bassins de haute montagne à environ 0,8 en plaine. Le faible lien observé pour les bassins de haute montagne est dû à la diversité des types de crues, incluant des crues prolongées de fonte des neiges, des crues à l’échelle synoptique et des crues soudaines. En plaine, les durées de crue varient moins dans un bassin donné, ce qui est lié au filtrage de la distribution de tous les événements de précipitation par le temps de réponse du bassin versant pour produire la distribution des événements générant des crues.

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to the two reviewers, M. Thyer and F. Serinaldi, and to the editor, Z.W. Kundzewicz, whose comments greatly improved the quality of the initial manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

We would like to thank the Austrian Academy of Sciences (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Programme, IWHRE2008, 2008–2013), the ERC (Advanced Grant on Flood Change) and the FWF (project no. P 23723-N21) for financial support. This research was also supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (under contract no. APVV 0496–10), the Slovak Grant Agency VEGA (project no. 1/0776/13) and the IMPALA (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF-301953) project of the Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme.

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