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Abstract
Distribution system water quality protection is an integral aspect of public water supply management. Effective regulatory compliance requires a thorough understanding of the transport and mixing processes in storage reservoirs and their impacts on effluent water quality. This paper presents the development and verification of an explicit mathematical model of distribution storage water quality. The mathematical model is based on a compartmental representation of the reservoir continuum and is formulated analytically from mass balance relationships. The equations are applicable to separate inlet and outlet configuration reservoirs with simultaneous dual-directional flow. Previous models considered a common inlet/outlet reservoir configuration with unidirectional flow. The performance of the proposed model is illustrated by application to actual reservoir data taken from previous papers. The developed model should prove to be a valuable tool for assessing the effects of alternative designs or operational policies for optimizing distribution water quality.