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Abstract
An analysis of 40 studies which compared the achievement in science and the attitudes of Israeli male and female students towards science and science learning showed that: (1) in the elementary school there are no sex differences in attitudes and only a small advantage to males in achievement in the physical sciences. (2) Very large sex differences in all areas exist at the end of junior high‐school and only 34% of the students who elect to take specialised science subjects in the senior high‐school are girls. (3) Among students who specialise in science in the senior high‐school there are, on average, no sex differences in biology and in chemistry, but males excel in physics. (4) Two sex polarities were found, namely, biology (females)‐physics (males) and botany (females)‐zoology (males). (5) Females’ orientation to science is enhanced by inquiry and laboratory‐based instruction.
