A reappraisal of the normal menstrual cycle

Abstract

The reproductive cycle is pervasive and continuous; its purpose is positive, and, for the majority of women, the background climate it creates is also largely positive. The rather negative image of the menstrual cycle which prevails is incorrect, and obscures the benefits which it offers. The empirical work which now exists provides a rigorous basis for a changed perception of the whole cycle. Throughout the cycle there is evidence of biologically-determined fluctuations in nervous system activity, which in turn are related to psychological and behavioural changes. There are now findings which clarify the relationship between these natural fluctuations in nervous system activity on the one hand and, on the other, in changes in mood, social interaction, and perception of self and of personal problems. There are in addition studies which demonstrate how the less propitious arousal levels can be changed by, for instance, moderate exercise or muscle relaxation; also how optimal advantage can be taken of those fluctuations which predispose to positive outcomes. At a time of increasing applications of empirical findings to the improvement of health and well-being, the reproductive cycle can be seen as one vehicle for improving the quality of life of many women.