Screening survey of deoxynivalenol in beer from the European market by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Abstract

Deoxynivalenol (DON) was analysed in 313 beer samples collected from the European retail market using a commercially available immunoassay kit (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA). The incidence rate was about 87%, while most samples (73%) had contamination levels lower than 20 ng ml⁻¹. The contamination ranged between 4.0 and 56.7 ng ml⁻¹, with an average of 13.5 ng ml⁻¹. A statistically significant correlation between alcohol levels and DON contamination was found, as well as a significant difference between bottom, top and spontaneous fermenting beers. Twenty-seven beer samples were compared using a second ELISA kit and a good correlation was obtained between the two kits (r = 0.93). Although when compared with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry the ELISA tended to overestimate the results, a good correlation (r = 0.94) between the two methods was observed. Monitoring of DON in beer is important considering that DON production is dependent on the weather and that it can contribute significantly to the tolerable daily intake of DON, especially for frequent beer consumers.

Keywords:

• beer
• European survey
• deoxynivalenol (DON)
• enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
• gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
• analysis

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank Beth Tacke, North Dakota State University, USA, for useful comments and advice concerning the GC-MS analysis.