A novel [Mn₂(μ-(C₆H₅)₂CHCOO)₂(bipy)₄](bipy)(ClO₄)₂ complex loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Abstract

Manganese (Mn)-based complexes have been drawing attention due to the fact that they are more effective than other metal complexes. However, the use of Mn(II)-based complexes in medicine remains limited because of certain side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of a novel Mn(II) complex [Mn₂(μ-(C₆H₅)₂CHCOO)₂(bipy)₄](bipy)(ClO₄)₂ and Mn(II) complex loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) on MCF-7 and HUVEC control cells. The average diameter of Mn(II) complex was about 1120 ± 2.43 nm, while the average particle size of Mn(II) complex-SLNs was ∼340 ± 2.27 nm. The cytotoxic effects of Mn(II) complex and Mn(II)-SLNs were 86.8 and 66.4%, respectively (p < .05). Additionally, both Mn(II) complex (39.25%) and Mn(II)-SLNs (38.05%) induced apoptosis and increased the arrest of G₀/G₁ phase. However, Mn(II) complex exerted toxic effects on the HUVEC control cell (63.4%), whereas no toxic effects was observed when treated with Mn(II)-SLNs at 150 μM. As a consequence, SLNs might be potentially used for metal-based complexes in the treatment of cancer due to reducing size and toxic effects of metal-based complexes.

Keywords:

• Metal-based ligands
• Mn(II) complex
• 2,2´-bipyridine
• drug delivery systems
• solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)
• cancer

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Professor Feray Kockar in the Department of Molecular Biology from Balikesir University, who kindly provided HUVEC cells and the Medicinal Plants and Medicine Research Centre of Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey, for the use of X-ray Diffractometer.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding

This study was supported by a grant from the Scientific Research Projects Foundation of the Uludag University of Turkey [Project No. OUAP(T)-2014/30] and Anadolu University Research Fund [Grant No. 1505F249].

Supplementary material

CCDC 1430565 contain the supplementary crystallographic data for Mn(II) complex. The data can be obtained free of charge via http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/conts/retrieving.html, or from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK; fax: [phone]; or e-mail: [email protected].