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ABSTRACT
Fever is a complex physiological response to pathogen infection and injury. One of the beneficial effects of febrile temperatures is stimulation of immune cell trafficking to the lymphoid organs and inflamed tissues, thereby enhancing immune surveillance during infection and inflammation. This trafficking process consists of a highly ordered adhesion cascade that includes tethering and rolling of immune cells along the vessel walls, chemokine-induced activation, firm arrest and diapedesis. In this review, we summarize the current findings of how febrile temperatures regulate the immune cell trafficking process. Febrile temperatures play multiple roles in the functional regulation of critical biomolecules involved in each step of the ordered adhesion cascade that includes L-selectin, chemokines, and α4 and β2 integrins. A better understanding of febrile temperature-induced regulation of immune cell trafficking will shed light on modulating the immunity to fight against infection and inflammation.
Acknowledgement
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of SA-SIBS scholarship program.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Funding
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [31525016, 31830112, 31601129, 31701219], Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader [19XD1404200], Personalized Medicines-Molecular Signature-based Drug Discovery and Development, the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA12010101], China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2016M601670], the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams.